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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Arquivos Brasileiros de Neurocirurgia: Brazilian Neurosurgery 2022; 41(02): e153-e158
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1742424
Review Article

The Evolution of Neurosurgery Throughout the Ages: From Trepanations in Prehistory to The Robotic Era

A evolução da neurocirurgia ao longo das eras: Das trepanações pré-históricas à era robótica
Felipe dos Santos Souza 
1   Department of Medicine, State University of Mato Grosso, Cárceres, Mato Grosso, Brazil
,
Rhuann Pontes dos Santos Silva 
2   Department of Medicine, Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
,
Luiz Severo Bem Junior 
3   Department of Neurology, Centro Universitário Unifacisa, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
4   Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital da Restauração, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
5   Department of Neuroscience, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
,
Hildo Rocha Cirne de Azevedo Filho 
6   Department of Neurosurgery, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
7   Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
8   Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Abstract

Introduction Throughout the historical course, the emergence of neurosurgery invariably involved the narrative about different eras, marked by relevant discoveries in the field of medical science. From prehistoric mystical and therapeutic reports to the Robotic Era in the 21st century, there were changes that contributed to current neurosurgery. Thus, this study will analyze articles and studies that describe the history of neurosurgery and demonstrate the main advances in the field of science.

Materials and methods This is a narrative review of scientific literature, carried out by searching the following databases: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Online System for Searching and Analyzing Medical Literature (MEDLINE), Latin American Literature and Caribbean in Health Sciences (LILACS), and Public Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (PubMed).The following descriptors were used: History of neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, together with the Boolean operator “AND”. In addition, the descriptors History of Neurosurgery and Robotics were used between the Boolean operator “AND”. In this sense, in order to establish a linearity of the narrative presented, the evolution of neurosurgery in five eras was didactically separated.

Conclusion Neurosurgery, throughout history, has undergone several transformations. There was a series of events that made neurosurgery one of the most evolutionary and progressive sciences. This is because technology combined with scientific knowledge was, in fact, what made it possible to get where we are. In this sense, the studied ages allow the comprehension of a history that needs to be understood and valued by all students of the neurological and neurosurgical sciences.

Resumo

Introdução Ao longo do percurso histórico, o surgimento da neurocirurgia envolveu invariavelmente a narrativa sobre diferentes épocas, marcadas por descobertas relevantes no campo da ciência médica. Desde relatos místicos e terapêuticos pré-históricos até a Era Robótica no século XXI, ocorreram mudanças que contribuíram para a neurocirurgia atual. Assim, este estudo analisará artigos e estudos que descrevem a história da neurocirurgia e demonstram os principais avanços no campo da ciência.

Materiais e métodos Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura científica, realizada por meio de busca nas seguintes bases de dados: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Online System for Searching and Analyzing Medical Literature (MEDLINE), Literatura Latino-Americana e Caribenha em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Public Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (PubMed). Foram utilizados os seguintes descritores: “History of neurosurgery” e “Neuroanatomy”, juntamente com o operador booleano “AND”. Além disso, foram utilizados os descritores “História da Neurocirurgia” e “Robótica” entre o operador booleano “AND”. Nesse sentido, para estabelecer uma linearidade da narrativa apresentada, separou-se didaticamente a evolução da neurocirurgia em cinco eras.

Conslusão A neurocirurgia, ao longo da história, passou por diversas transformações. Houve uma série de acontecimentos que fizeram da neurocirurgia uma das ciências mais evolutivas e progressivas. Isso porque a tecnologia aliada ao conhecimento científico foi, de fato, o que possibilitou chegar onde estamos. Nesse sentido, as idades estudadas permitem a compreensão de uma história que precisa ser compreendida e valorizada por todos os estudantes das ciências neurológicas e neurocirúrgicas.

Keywords

neuroanatomy - history - neurosurgery - robotic surgical procedures

Palavras-chave

neuroanatomia - história da - neurocirurgia - robotização

Contribution of the Authors

Study supervision: Bem Junior L. S. and Azevedo Filho H. R. C.;


Drafting of the first version of the article: Souza F. S. and Silva R. P. S;


Revision of the first draft: all authors;


Revision of the final version: all authors.




Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 31. Mai 2021

Angenommen: 13. Oktober 2021

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
25. Februar 2022

© 2022. Sociedade Brasileira de Neurocirurgia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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