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CC BY 4.0 · Surg J (N Y) 2022; 08(03): e199-e207
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743520
Original Article

Association of Muscle Fibers with Histopathology in Doughnut Specimens Following Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy and Their Impacts on Postoperative Outcomes

Chetty Y. V. Narayanaswamy 
1   Department of General Surgery, Ramaiah Medical College, Mathikere, Bangaluru, Karnataka, India
,
M. R. Sreevathsa
1   Department of General Surgery, Ramaiah Medical College, Mathikere, Bangaluru, Karnataka, India
,
G. Akhil Chowdari
1   Department of General Surgery, Ramaiah Medical College, Mathikere, Bangaluru, Karnataka, India
,
Koteshwara Rao
1   Department of General Surgery, Ramaiah Medical College, Mathikere, Bangaluru, Karnataka, India
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Abstract

Background Stapled hemorrhoidopexy is widely practiced worldwide since its introduction to the world of proctology and replaced conventional hemorrhoidectomy in treating hemorrhoids. The technique of executing the procedure dictates the outcomes and complications. Here, we attempted to establish the cause of postoperative complications and attributed them to the presence of muscle of fibers in the excised doughnut specimens.

Materials and Methods A prospective observational analysis of histopathological specimens obtained from patients who underwent stapled hemorrhoidopexy using procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids-03 circular staplers in the department of surgery of a tertiary care hospital in southern India was performed, and the correlation between the presence or absence of muscle fibers in the specimens and postoperative complications was evaluated. The patients were followed up for 12 months after the procedure.

Results In this study, 155 patients, including 54, 91, and 10 patients with Grade 2, Grade 3, and Grade 4 hemorrhoids, respectively, were included. Group A consisted of 19 patients with muscle fibers on the specimens, whereas Group B consisted of 139 patients without muscle fibers on the specimens. Early complications within 7 days after the procedure were as follows: 21 and 0.7% of the patients in Groups A and B, respectively, presented with postoperative pain with a visual analog scale score of more than 4; 47 and 6% of the patients in Groups A and B, respectively, presented with urinary retention; 26 and 2% of the patients in Groups A and B, respectively, presented with bleeding; and 21 and 2.9% of the patients in Groups A and B, respectively, presented with fecal urgency. A significant association was found between the presence of muscle fibers and early complications (p < 0.001). Late complications, such as proctalgia and bleeding, accounting for 36.8 and 6.6% in Groups A and B, respectively, were significantly associated with the presence of muscle fibers in histopathology (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, other late complications, such as incontinence, stenosis, and recurrence, exhibited no association (p > 0.05).

Conclusion The technique in taking purse-string sutures and the depth of the suture bite above the dentate line carry the utmost importance in preventing postoperative complications. Therefore, surgeons should refine their technique of appropriate depth to avoid incorporation of muscle fibers while executing the procedure.

Keywords

anus - hemorrhoids - stapled hemorrhoidopexy

Ethics Approval

Approval was obtained from Institutional Ethical Review Board. The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.


Consent to Participate

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.


Availability of Data and Material

Included in this article.


Authors' Contribution

C.Y.V.N. contributed to the concepts, design, definition of intellectual content, data acquisition, data analysis, manuscript review, and guarantor. M.R.S. contributed to the concepts, design, literature search, data acquisition, statistical analysis, and manuscript preparation. G.A.C. contributed to the literature search, clinical studies, data acquisition, statistical analysis, and manuscript review. K.R. contributed to the literature search, experimental studies, data acquisition, data analysis, and manuscript review.


Note

Submitted manuscripts must represent original research not previously published nor being considered for publication elsewhere.




Publication History

Received: 08 September 2021

Accepted: 11 January 2022

Article published online:
24 August 2022

© 2022. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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