Patient-Reported Outcome Analysis after Resident Performed Upper Blepharoplasty: A Suitable Procedure for Young Surgeons

Maximilian Mahrhofer; Karl Schwaiger; Laurenz Weitgasser; Thomas Schoeller; Wolfgang Hitzl; Gottfried Wechselberger

doi:10.1055/s-0042-1749168

Facial Plastic Surgery, Table of Contents

Facial Plast Surg 2023; 39(01): 098-103
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1749168

Original Research

Patient-Reported Outcome Analysis after Resident Performed Upper Blepharoplasty: A Suitable Procedure for Young Surgeons

Authors

Maximilian Mahrhofer

¹Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Hospital of the Brothers of St. John of God, Salzburg, Austria

²Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Marienhospital Stuttgart, Teaching Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
Karl Schwaiger

¹Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Hospital of the Brothers of St. John of God, Salzburg, Austria
Laurenz Weitgasser

²Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Marienhospital Stuttgart, Teaching Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
Thomas Schoeller

²Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Marienhospital Stuttgart, Teaching Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
Wolfgang Hitzl

³Research Office (Biostatistics), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria

⁴Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria

⁵Research Program Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
Gottfried Wechselberger

¹Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Hospital of the Brothers of St. John of God, Salzburg, Austria

Abstract

Upper blepharoplasty is one of the most frequently performed aesthetic surgeries worldwide. While it is considered a low risk procedure, patients have high expectations regarding the outcome of elective surgery of the face and the majority of residents usually have little exposure to cosmetic surgeries in the early years of their training. All eligible patients who had undergone bilateral upper blepharoplasty at the senior author's institution between January 2016 and August 2019 were invited to participate in an online questionnaire. Our study used a 27-item questionnaire to evaluate postoperative patient satisfaction and compared the patient reported outcome between operations conducted by surgeons with more than 3 years of experience and less than 3 years. In total, 102 patients returned the completed questionnaire and were included in our study after further screening. There was no significant difference in patient reported satisfaction concerning the aesthetic outcome (8.75 vs. 8.29, p=0.49), and complications (6.2 vs. 18.6%, p=0.63), related to the experience of the surgeons. Overall patient satisfaction was very high, while the rate of complications was low. Patient reported aesthetic outcomes after blepharoplasty demonstrated no significant difference comparing the experience of the surgeons.

Keywords

plastic surgery - blepharoplasty - education - cosmetic surgery

Full Text

References

References
1 Bullock JD, Warwar RE, Bienenfeld DG, Marciniszyn SL, Markert RJ. Psychosocial implications of blepharoptosis and dermatochalasis. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 2001; 99: 65-71 , discussion 71–72
2 Surgery ISoAP.. ISAPS Global Survey Results 2020. Accessed February 02, 2022 at: https://www.isaps.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/ISAPS-Global-Survey_2020.pdf
3 Freiberg A. Challenges in developing resident training in aesthetic surgery. Ann Plast Surg 1989; 22 (03) 184-187
4 Freiberg A, Giguère D, Ross DC, Taylor JR, Bell T, Kerluke LD. Are patients satisfied with results from residents performing aesthetic surgery?. Plast Reconstr Surg 1997; 100 (07) 1824-1831 , discussion 1832–1833
5 Hellman JB, Mahmood B, Lin LK. Safety and efficacy of resident-performed functional upper eyelid blepharoplasty. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 35 (06) 578-580
6 Koulaxouzidis G, Momeni A, Simunovic F, Lampert F, Bannasch H, Stark GB. Aesthetic surgery performed by plastic surgery residents: an analysis of safety and patient satisfaction. Ann Plast Surg 2014; 73 (06) 696-700
7 Mauriello Jr JA. Perspective: cosmetic eyelid surgery from the patient's perspective. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2003; 19 (04) 320-322
8 Saalabian AA, Liebmann P, Deutinger M. Which tissue should be removed in upper blepharoplasty? Analysis and evaluation of satisfaction. World J Plast Surg 2017; 6 (03) 324-331
9 Herruer JM, Prins JB, van Heerbeek N, Verhage-Damen G, Ingels K. Patient-reported outcome measurement in upper blepharoplasty: how to measure what the patient sees. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2018; 71 (09) 1346-1351
10 Papadopulos NA, Hodbod M, Henrich G. et al. The Effect of blepharoplasty on our patient's quality of life, emotional stability, and self-esteem. J Craniofac Surg 2019; 30 (02) 377-383
11 Hollander MHJ, Contini M, Pott JW, Vissink A, Schepers RH, Jansma J. Functional outcomes of upper eyelid blepharoplasty: a systematic review. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2019; 72 (02) 294-309
12 Hollander MHJ, Schortinghuis J, Vissink A, Jansma J, Schepers RH. Aesthetic outcomes of upper eyelid blepharoplasty: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 49 (06) 750-764
13 Sarwer DB, Whitaker LA, Wadden TA, Pertschuk MJ. Body image dissatisfaction in women seeking rhytidectomy or blepharoplasty. Aesthet Surg J 1997; 17 (04) 230-234
14 Liu TS, Miller TA. Economic analysis of the future growth of cosmetic surgery procedures. Plast Reconstr Surg 2008; 121 (06) 404e-412e
15 Bingham HG. Training in esthetic surgery: some problems encountered in a university program. Plast Reconstr Surg 1980; 65 (02) 227-228
16 Imahara SD, Scott JR, Neligan PC. Career plans of graduating plastic surgery trainees in 2009: the impact of an uncertain economic climate. Plast Reconstr Surg 2009; 124 (06) 2173-2178
17 Momeni A, Goerke SM, Bannasch H, Arkudas A, Stark GB. The quality of aesthetic surgery training in plastic surgery residency: a survey among residents in Germany. Ann Plast Surg 2013; 70 (06) 704-708
18 Chivers QJ, Ahmad J, Lista F. et al. Cosmetic surgery training in Canadian plastic surgery residencies: are we training competent surgeons?. Aesthet Surg J 2013; 33 (01) 160-165
19 Morrison CM, Rotemberg SC, Moreira-Gonzalez A, Zins JE. A survey of cosmetic surgery training in plastic surgery programs in the United States. Plast Reconstr Surg 2008; 122 (05) 1570-1578
20 Ingargiola MJ, Molina Burbano F, Yao A. et al. Plastic surgery resident-run cosmetic clinics: a survey of current practices. Aesthet Surg J 2018; 38 (07) 793-799
21 Ourian AJ, Doval AF, Zavlin D, Chegireddy V, Echo A. Evaluating patient outcomes in breast and abdominal cosmetic plastic surgery procedures involving residents. Aesthet Surg J 2019; 39 (05) 572-578
22 McNichols CHL, Diaconu S, Alfadil S. et al. Cosmetic surgery training in plastic surgery residency programs. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2017; 5 (09) e1491
23 Perdikis G, Eaves FF, Glassman GE. et al. Aesthetic surgery in plastic surgery academia. Aesthet Surg J 2020; 41 (07) 829-841
24 Kaplan J, Volk AS, Ashley JR, Izaddoost S, Reece E, Winocour S. A systematic review of resident aesthetic clinic outcomes. Aesthet Surg J 2019; 39 (09) NP387-NP395
25 Qureshi AA, Parikh RP, Myckatyn TM, Tenenbaum MM. Resident cosmetic clinic: practice patterns, safety, and outcomes at an Academic Plastic Surgery Institution. Aesthet Surg J 2016; 36 (09) NP273-NP280
26 Shakir S, Kozak GM, Nathan SL. et al. The role of a resident aesthetic clinic in addressing the trainee autonomy gap. Aesthet Surg J 2020; 40 (05) NP301-NP311
27 Weissler JM, Carney MJ, Yan C, Percec I. The value of a resident aesthetic clinic: a 7-year institutional review and survey of the chief resident experience. Aesthet Surg J 2017; 37 (10) 1188-1198
28 Brandel MG, DʼSouza GF, Reid CM, Dobke MK, Gosman AA. Analysis of a resident aesthetic clinic: process for rhinoplasty, resident experience, and patient satisfaction. Ann Plast Surg 2017; 78 (suppl 5 4): S175-S179
29 Sterodimas A, Boriani F, Bogetti P, Radwanski HN, Bruschi S, Pitanguy I. Junior plastic surgeon's confidence in aesthetic surgery practice: a comparison of two didactic systems. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2010; 63 (08) 1335-1337
30 Brown E, Choi J, Sairi T. Resident involvement in plastic surgery: divergence of patient expectations and experiences with surgeon's attitudes and actions. J Surg Educ 2020; 77 (02) 291-299
31 Carruthers KH, McMahan JD, Taylor A, Pearson G, Tiwari P, Kocak E. Patient attitudes toward resident participation in cosmetic vs reconstructive outpatient consultations. J Surg Educ 2015; 72 (03) 477-482

Supplementary Material

Supplementary Material (PDF)