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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · J Lab Physicians 2023; 15(01): 084-089
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757233
Original Article

Clinico-Hematological Profile of Acute Leukemia Cases in Bihar: A Multiparameter Study in a Tertiary-Care Hospital

Shuchismita Shuchismita
1   Department of Hematology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
,
Iffat Jamal 
1   Department of Hematology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
,
Ravi Bhushan Raman
1   Department of Hematology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
,
Vijayanand Choudhary
1   Department of Hematology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
› Author Affiliations Funding None.
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Abstract

Objective The actual incidence and demographic profile of hematological malignancies are unknown in Bihar because of lack of population-based cancer registry (PBCR) data and specialized tertiary cancer center facilities. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence, clinico-hematological profile and subtyping of acute leukemia cases by retrospective medical records.

Materials and Methods A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Hematology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India, over 2 years from July 2019 to June 2021. A total of 176 cases with relevant clinical features and hematological findings were involved in the study. Medical records were studied and data were retrieved.

Statistical Analysis Data were recorded and analyzed using SPSS version 25.

Results A total of 176 cases with relevant clinical features and hematological findings were involved in the study. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was most prevalent (52.8%), followed by acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (34.1%) and unclassified acute leukemia cases (13.1%). Flow cytometry correlation was available in 150 cases. The ratio of males (62.5%) to females (37.5%) is 1.6:1. There was statistically significant difference in physical examination findings between AML and ALL patients. Splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and sternal tenderness were more often seen in ALL than in AML patients (p < 0.05). Pallor was more significantly associated with AML than with ALL patients (p < 0.05). Anemia and leucocytosis were found to be significantly associated with acute leukemia patients (p < 0.000).

Conclusion AML M2 was the most common subtype of AML, and B-ALL was the most common subtype of ALL cases.

Keywords

hematological - malignancies - acute leukemia - myeloid - lymphoid


Publication History

Article published online:
20 October 2022

© 2022. The Indian Association of Laboratory Physicians. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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