Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in the United States and globally with
the majority of lung cancer cases attributable to cigarette smoking. Given the high
societal and personal cost of a diagnosis of lung cancer including that most cases
of lung cancer when diagnosed are found at a late stage, work over the past 40 years
has aimed to detect lung cancer earlier when curative treatment is possible. Screening
trials using chest radiography and sputum failed to show a reduction in lung cancer
mortality however multiple studies using low dose CT have shown the ability to detect
lung cancer early and a survival benefit to those screened. This review will discuss
the history of lung cancer screening, current recommendations and screening guidelines,
and implementation and components of a lung cancer screening program.
Keywords
National Lung Screening Trial - lung cancer - chest radiography
