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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Journal of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology 2023; 06(01): 021-031
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758129
Pictorial Essay

Inferior Vena Cava Anomalies and Pathologies

Poojary Shweta Raviraj
1   Department of Radiology, JSS Medical College, Mysore, Karnataka, India
,
Venkataswamy Chandana
2   Department of Radiology, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
,
Hagalahalli Nagarajegowda Pradeep
2   Department of Radiology, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
,
Chakenahalli Puttaraj Nanjaraj
2   Department of Radiology, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
› Author Affiliations Funding None.
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Abstract

Wide array of anatomical variations and pathologies affect the inferior vena cava (IVC). Multidetector computed tomography remains the most important modality to diagnose and evaluate the extent of involvement. The congenital variations such as duplication, anomalous course of renal veins, azygos continuation of IVC, etc., remain clinically indolent and are detected incidentally in abdominal imaging. This article describes the various congenital variants which include abnormalities in drainage, failure of development, and regression of the IVC. This article also highlights the important pathological conditions such as Budd–Chiari syndrome, primary and secondary neoplasms of the IVC, bland thrombosis, and retrograde opacification of the IVC.

Keywords

inferior vena cava - MDCT - anatomical variations


Publication History

Article published online:
21 December 2022

© 2022. Indian Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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