Z Gastroenterol 2017; 55(04): 379-382
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-100119
Kasuistik
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Traveler's Diarrhea, vision abnormalities and unsteady gait in a young woman

Reisediarrhoe, Gesichtsfeldausfälle und Gangunsicherheit bei einer jungen Frau
Tobias Mühling
1   Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, Bogenhausen Academic Teaching Hospital, Munich Municipal Hospital Trust, Munich, Germany
,
Felix Gundling
1   Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, Bogenhausen Academic Teaching Hospital, Munich Municipal Hospital Trust, Munich, Germany
,
Thomas Helmberger
2   Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Neuroradiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bogenhausen Academic Teaching Hospital, Munich Municipal Hospital Trust, Munich, Germany
,
Wolfgang Schepp
1   Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, Bogenhausen Academic Teaching Hospital, Munich Municipal Hospital Trust, Munich, Germany
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

23 November 2016

27 December 2016

Publication Date:
20 April 2017 (online)

Abstract

We report on the course of disease in a young woman, originally admitted with suspected refractory infectious tropical traveler's diarrhea. However, symptoms did not resolve upon either symptomatic or subsequent antibiotic therapy. When neurologic deterioration was observed, imaging studies revealed a dramatic series of thromboembolic events, including intracranial hemorrhage caused by extensive sinus vein thrombosis as well as thrombi of the right cardiac ventricle. Colonic mucosal biopsy samples finally led to the histologic diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. Having excluded thrombophilia or any other disease potentially related to a prothrombotic state, we interpreted the thromboembolic events as secondary to the primary manifestation of the underlying inflammatory bowel disease.

The increased risk of thromboembolic complications—especially deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism—in inflammatory bowel disease is well documented in the literature. However, sinus vein thrombosis and cardiac thrombi represent a remarkable dimension of this risk and a rare course of coagulopathy secondary to an acute flare of ulcerative colitis. Still, there is a lack of awareness of this risk, resulting in poor implementation of preventive measures modifying risk factors and allowing for pharmacological prophylaxis. We therefore emphasize that—in line with the 2014 German S3 Guideline—thromboprophylaxis in the setting of an acute flare of inflammatory bowel disease is mandatory and should not be restricted because of safety concerns.

Zusammenfassung

Wir berichten über den Krankheitsverlauf einer jungen Patientin, die während eines Auslandsaufenthaltes in Mittelamerika mit einer Episode schwerer "Reisediarrhoe" in ein Krankenhaus aufgenommen werden musste. Als sich die Symptomatik unter symptomatischer – und im Verlauf antibiotischer – Therapie nicht besserte, sondern zusätzliche neurologische Beschwerden auftraten, erfolgte die Auslandsrückholung durch die Angehörigen. In der nun im Rahmen einer Fokussuche durchgeführten ausführlichen Bildgebung offenbarte sich eine Reihe dramatischer thromboembolischer Ereignisse mit zerebralen Stauungsblutungen auf dem Boden einer ausgeprägten Sinusvenenthrombose sowie mehrerer rechts-kardialer Thromben. Eine Koloskopie mit Biopsie führte schließlich zur Diagnose der Erstmanifestation einer Colitis ulcerosa. In Abwesenheit einer primären Thrombophilie mussten die thromboembolischen Ereignisse als Folge der erhöhten Thromboseneigung durch die chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankung interpretiert werden.

Die erhöhte Inzidenz thromboembolischer Ereignisse – insbesondere der tiefen Beinvenenthrombose und der Lungenarterienembolie – ist bei Patienten mit chronisch entzündlicher Darmerkrankung in der Literatur gut dokumentiert. Sinusvenenthrombose und kardiale Thromben stellen jedoch ein bemerkenswertes Ausmaß dieses Risikos dar und einen seltenen Verlauf der Koagulopathie bei akutem Schub einer Colitis ulcerosa. Dennoch werden Präventionsmaßnahmen, einschließlich medikamentöser Thromboseprophylaxe, im klinischen Alltag nur unzureichend umgesetzt. Unser Fall bestätigt die Relevanz der in der deutschen S3-Leitlinie empfohlenen Thromboseprophylaxe im akuten Schub einer chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankung, die sicher und ohne intestinale Blutungskomplikationen durchführbar ist.

 
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