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Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2017; 234(03): 303-310
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-103960
Übersicht
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Potenzial von fMRT für die Funktionsüberprüfung des pathologischen Sehsystems

Potential of fMRI for the Functional Assessment of the Pathological Visual System
M. B. Hoffmann
1   Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universität Magdeburg
2   Center for Behavioural Brain Sciences, Magdeburg
,
H. Thieme
1   Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universität Magdeburg
,
K. Ahmadi
1   Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universität Magdeburg
› Institutsangaben
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Publikationsverlauf

eingereicht 05. September 2016

akzeptiert 18. Oktober 2016

Publikationsdatum:
29. März 2017 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Aktuelle Entwicklungen zur funktionellen Magnetresonanztomografie (fMRT) des menschlichen visuellen Kortex haben eine Reihe von aussagekräftigen Ansätzen hervorgebracht, die vielversprechend für die moderne Ophthalmologie sind. Sie ermöglichen die objektive gesichtsfeldspezifische Überprüfung der Sehfunktion auch bei stark sehbehinderten Patienten und sogar die Untersuchung der funktionellen Organisation des visuellen Kortex von blinden Patienten. Damit eröffnen sie einerseits ein breites Anwendungsspektrum bei der ophthalmologischen Funktionsüberprüfung und andererseits grundlegende Einblicke in die Interaktion von Pathologie und Plastizität im menschlichen Sehsystem. Dies verdeutlichen aktuelle Studien an Patienten mit erworbenen und angeborenen Makuladefekten, Sehbahnabnormalitäten, flächigen Netzhautschäden und vollständiger Blindheit. Insbesondere zukünftige Therapieverfahren zur Restauration des visuellen Eingangs könnten hiervon wesentlich profitieren, sei es bei der Beurteilung der Erfolgschancen einer anstehenden retinalen Therapie oder als Biomarker für das objektive Auslesen des Therapieerfolgs.

Abstract

Current developments in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the human visual system have generated a set of powerful approaches that are of great promise for modern ophthalmology. These make it possible to perform an objective spatially resolved test of visual function in patients with strong visual impairment and even to investigate the functional organisation of the visual cortex in the blind. As a consequence, they open a broad field of applications for functional assessment in ophthalmology and provide fundamental insights into the interplay of pathology and plasticity in the human visual system. This is highlighted by current studies investigating patients with acquired or congenital defects of the macula, or with visual pathway abnormalities, extended retinal damage, and complete blindness. Therapeutic approaches targeting the restoration of visual input are expected to benefit from these fMRI applications, either for the estimation of the success rate of a planned retinal therapy or as an objective high-level biomarker for the readout of therapy success.

Schlüsselwörter

Genetik - Neuroophthalmologie - Retina

Key words

genetics - neuroophthalmology - retina
 

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