Abstract
Overweight and obesity are widespread in the German population, affecting not only
adults but also a significant number of children and adolescents. The risk to develop
chronic kidney disease is markedly increased in overweight or adipose children, adolescents
and adults.
Overweight and obesity induced risk factors have a direct impact on the development
of chronic renal disease (obesity-associated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis).
They accelerate the progression of coexistent nephropathies (diabetic or hypertensive
nephropathy, primary glomerulonephritides) and are independent risk factors for the
development of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients.
Obesity induced nephropathies are basically preventible. Marked weight reduction,
normoglycemia and control of hypertension may contribute to an improved glomerular
filtration rate and/or reduced proteinuria in early stages of renal damage.
The prevalence of kidney diseases in Germany is 13 % and estimated 80 000 patients
need renal replacement therapy. In order to avoid a further rapid increase in numbers,
preventive measures should be enforced more rigorously.
It is necessary to raise the awareness of the negative consequences of obesity in
the general public, to motivate the public to adopt a healthier lifestyle and to install
nephrological surveillance to contain the obesity „epidemic“.
Übergewicht ist in Deutschland inzwischen der Normalfall, manche sprechen bereits
von einer Epidemie. Damit steigt auch das Risiko für chronische Nierenerkrankungen.
Ihre Pathophysiologie, Diagnose und mögliche Therapieansätze werden hier kurz umrissen.
Das allerwichtigste ist allerdings, wie so oft: die Prävention.
Schlüsselwörter
Adipositas - renale Syndrome - Prävention - akutes Nierenversagen
Key words
obesity - renal syndromes - prevention - acute kidney injury
