Ernährungstherapie bei Diabetes

Anja Bosy-Westphal; Friederike Fieres-Keller; Manfred J. Müller

doi:10.1055/s-0043-112278

Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel, Table of Contents

Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel 2017; 12(03): 187-205
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-112278

DuS-Refresher

Ernährungstherapie bei Diabetes

Medical Nutritional Therapy of Diabetes

Authors

Anja Bosy-Westphal

¹Institut für Ernährungsmedizin, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart
Friederike Fieres-Keller

¹Institut für Ernährungsmedizin, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart
Manfred J. Müller

²Institut für Humanernährung und Lebensmittelkunde, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel

Abstract

Nutritional therapy of patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes is based on a healthy balanced diet that is complemented by evidenced based guidelines for nutritional counselling of comorbidities like obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Dietary recommendations are further individualized based on medication (i. e. for prevention of hypoglycemia) and according to personal preferences (e. g. regarding macronutrient composition). Avoidance of long-term complications and improvement of prognosis are main objectives of nutritional therapy in the vulnerable group of patients with diabetes. In normal weight patients with type 1 diabetes, optimal glycemic control is the major target of counselling. In patients with type 2 diabetes, reduction of cardiovascular risk is also in the focus of therapy. In contrast to non-diabetic patients the treatment of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes not only requires lowering of LDL cholesterol by limitation of saturated fat intake but also needs a strategy for reduction of triglyceride levels. Both therapeutic aims can be best achieved by a high fiber low glycemic load diet with a high proportion of oleic acid.

Die Ernährungstherapie bei Patienten mit Typ-1- und Typ-2-Diabetes basiert auf einer gesunden Ernährung (ausgewogene, energiemodifizierte und ballaststoffreiche überwiegend pflanzliche Mischkost) und ergänzt diese entsprechend der Komorbiditäten der Erkrankung gezielt durch evidenzbasierte Erkenntnisse aus der Ernährungstherapie von Hypertonie, Dyslipidämie und Adipositas, um den bestmöglichen therapeutischen Nutzen zu erreichen.

Schlüsselwörter

Typ-1-Diabetes - Typ-2-Diabetes - Ernährungstherapie - Fettstoffwechselstörungen - glykämischer Index

Key words

type 1 diabetes - type 2 diabetes - medical nutritional therapy - dyslipidemia - glycemic index

Full Text

References

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