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Sportverletz Sportschaden 2017; 31(03): 143-153
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-113208
Übersicht
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Prävention von Gehirnerschütterungen im Juniorenfußball – Ist eine Abschaffung des Kopfballspiels notwendig?

Prevention of Head and Brain Injuries in Football: Is there a Need to Ban Headings?
Volker Krutsch
,
Werner Krutsch
,
Petra Jansen
,
Helmut Hoffmann
,
Peter Angele
,
Jennifer Lehmann
,
Oliver Loose
,
Axel Gänsslen
,
Michael Nerlich
,
Johannes Weber
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
04 September 2017 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Fußball wird als beliebteste Sportart weltweit von einer Großzahl von Verletzungen begleitet. Zu den seltenen Verletzungen, mit zum Teil schwerwiegenden Folgen, zählen Schädelhirntraumen, deren Verletzungsmechanismen im Fußball multifaktoriell sind. Der Ball gehört im Rahmen des Kopfballspiels zu den seltenen Auslösern einer Kopfverletzung im Fußball. Kurz-, mittel- und langfristige Folgen von Kopfbällen im Fußball sind insgesamt nur unzureichend untersucht und es sind kaum praktische Fallbeispiele mit schwerwiegenden Folgen bekannt. Das seit dem November 2015 bestehende Kopfballverbot im Juniorenfußball der USA ist unter Berücksichtigung der Angst und des hohen Risikos für Schädelhirntraumen bei den beliebtesten amerikanischen Sportarten wie American Football oder Eishockey für den US-Sport im Allgemeinen nachvollziehbar, jedoch sollte diese Entscheidung zum Kopfballverbot im Fußball aufgrund fehlender wissenschaftlicher Daten und anderen Erfahrungen aus der Praxis in Europa nicht ungeprüft übernommen werden. Vielmehr sind andere Präventionsmaßnahmen für Schädelhirntraumen und weitere Verletzungen im Juniorenfußball notwendig und wozu die Anpassung der Ballgrößen für Juniorenfußballer gehört und bereits Alltag ist. Das Regelwerk so zu ändern, dass der Kopfball im Juniorenfußball gänzlich abgeschafft wird, ist nach Meinung der Autoren deswegen nicht zwingend erforderlich. Weitere Studien sind hier für eine Vereinheitlichung des weltweiten Fußballsports notwendig.

Abstract

Football, the most popular sports worldwide, is associated with a high number of injuries. Head and brain injuries in football are less frequent, but may result in severe long-term damage. The mechanisms of these injuries in football are multifactorial, and the ball is rarely the main cause of a head injury. Short-term, medium-term and long-term consequences of headings in football are insufficiently examined, and there are hardly any case reports about severe episodes. Heading has been banned in US junior football since November 2015, which is understandable considering the higher risk for head injuries in popular American sports such as ice hockey or American football and people’s fear associated with this risk. However, the decision to ban heading in football is not based on scientific results, and different experiences have been made in European football. Therefore, this decision should not simply be transferred to Europe. In fact, other injury prevention strategies for head injuries in junior football are necessary, such as the adaptation of ball sizes, which has already been implemented. It is not necessary to change match rules in the form of a general ban on heading in football. Further scientific studies are needed for standardisation in football worldwide.

Schlüsselwörter

Fußball - Junioren - Kopfball - Schädelhirntrauma - Prävention

Key words

football - junior - heading - head injury - prevention
 

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