Horm Metab Res 2017; 49(11): 816-825
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-115646
Review
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

The Role of Gut Hormones in Diet-Induced Weight Change: A Systematic Review

Xue Zhao
1   Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
,
Qing Han
2   Hospital of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
,
Xiaokun Gang
1   Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
,
You Lv
1   Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
,
Yujia Liu
1   Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
,
Chenglin Sun
1   Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
,
Guixia Wang
1   Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received 02 January 2017

accepted 27 June 2017

Publication Date:
21 September 2017 (online)

Abstract

Gut hormones are known to play an important role in long-term weight loss maintenance after bariatric surgery. However, the interplay between gut hormones and diet-induced weight changes remains unclear. Our aims were to evaluate the alterations of gut hormones in diet-induced weight loss, weight maintenance, and weight regain periods. Available studies were searched on MEDLINE, EMASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, the Cochrane Library, and Web of science from inception to October 2016. After selection, 16 studies with 656 participants were included. Based on current evidence, we found significant alterations of gut hormones induced by different diets. In weight-loss diets, decreased fasting total PYY, GLP-1, CCK, GIP, PP, and amylin along with increased ghrelin levels were observed in most studies. After weight loss, the persistent decreases of fasting total PYY and GLP-1 levels as well as increased appetite were reported, suggesting the profound impact of altered gut hormones on later weight regain after dietary intervention. The differences between diet-induced changes in gut hormones and other treatments such as bariatric surgery and exercise are also discussed in this review. Although significant alterations of gut hormones were found during weight changes, huge heterogeneity exists in methods and populations. More large-scale studies with elaborate design addressing the gut hormone alterations in dietary weight regulation are required in the future.

 
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