Int J Sports Med 2017; 38(14): 1090-1096
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119224
Training & Testing
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Construct Validity of Accelerometry-Derived Force to Quantify Basketball Movement Patterns

Craig Staunton
1   Exercise Physiology, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Australia
,
Daniel Wundersitz
1   Exercise Physiology, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Australia
,
Brett Gordon
1   Exercise Physiology, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Australia
,
Michael Kingsley
1   Exercise Physiology, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Australia
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History



accepted 20 August 2017

Publication Date:
01 October 2017 (online)

Abstract

This study assessed the construct validity of accelerometry-derived net force to quantify the external demands of basketball movements. Twenty-eight basketballers completed the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (Yo-Yo-IR1) and basketball exercise simulation test (BEST). Intensity was quantified using accelerometry-derived average net force (AvFNet) and PlayerLoadTM per minute (PL/min). Within-player correlations were determined between intensity and running speed during Yo-Yo-IR1. Measured AvFNet was determined for movements during the BEST and predicted AvFNet was calculated using movement speed and correlations from Yo-Yo-IR1. Relationships between AvFNet and running speed during Yo-Yo-IR1 were nearly perfect (r2=0.95, 95% CI: 0.94–0.96; p<0.001) and stronger than correlations between running speed and PL/min (r2=0.80, 95% CI: 0.73–0.87; p<0.001). Differences between measured and predicted AvFNet were small during jogging and running (<1%), but large for basketball movements including jumping, change-of-direction and shuffling (15%–41%). As hypothesised, AvFNet differed by playing position (11%–16%; p<0.001) and reflected the additional demand upon players with larger body mass and lower movement efficiency. Both sprint speed and AvFNet reduced during the course of the BEST (p≤0.013). These findings confirm the construct validity of AvFNet to quantify the external demand of basketball movements. Accelerometry-derived net force has the potential to quantify the external demands of basketballers during training and competition.

 
  • References

  • 1 Akenhead R, French D, Thompson KG, Hayes PR. The acceleration dependent validity and reliability of 10Hz GPS. J Sci Med Sport 2014; 17: 562-566
  • 2 Bangsbo J, Iaia FM, Krustrup P. The Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test. Sports Med 2008; 38: 37-51
  • 3 Barrett S, Midgley A, Lovell R. PlayerLoad™: Reliability, convergent validity, and influence of unit position during treadmill running. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2014; 9: 945-952
  • 4 Bland JM, Altman DG. Measuring agreement in method comparison studies. Stat Methods Med Res 1999; 8: 135-160
  • 5 Boonstra MC, van der Slikke RM, Keijsers NL, van Lummel RC, de Waal Malefijt MC, Verdonschot N. The accuracy of measuring the kinematics of rising from a chair with accelerometers and gyroscopes. J Biomech 2006; 39: 354-358
  • 6 Borresen J, Lambert MI. The quantification of training load, the training response and the effect on performance. Sports Med 2009; 39: 779-795
  • 7 Bourdin M, Pastene J, Germain M, Lacour J. Influence of training, sex, age and body mass on the energy cost of running. Eur J Appl Physiol 1993; 66: 439-444
  • 8 Boyd LJ, Ball K, Aughey RJ. The reliability of Minimax accelerometers for measuring physical activity in Australian football. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2011; 6: 311-321
  • 9 Campbell DT, Fiske DW. Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait–multimethod matrix. Psychol Bull 1959; 56: 81
  • 10 Casamichana D, Castellano J, Calleja-Gonzalez J, San Román J, Castagna C. Relationship between indicators of training load in soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 2013; 27: 369-374
  • 11 Cormack SJ, Mooney MG, Morgan W, McGuigan MR. Influence of neuromuscular fatigue on accelerometer load in elite Australian football players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2013; 8: 373-378
  • 12 Cormack SJ, Smith RL, Mooney MM, Young WB, O'Brien BJ. Accelerometer load as a measure of activity profile in different standards of netball match play. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2014; 9: 283-291
  • 13 Coutts AJ, Duffield R. Validity and reliability of GPS devices for measuring movement demands of team sports. J Sci Med Sport 2010; 13: 133-135
  • 14 Cummins C, Orr R, O’Connor H, West C. Global positioning systems (GPS) and microtechnology sensors in team sports: a systematic review. Sports Med 2013; 43: 1025-1042
  • 15 Dalen T, Jørgen I, Gertjan E, Havard HG, Ulrik W. Player load, acceleration, and deceleration during forty-five competitive matches of elite soccer. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30: 351-359
  • 16 Flynn TW, Connery SM, Smutok MA, Zeballos RJ, Weisman IM. Comparison of cardiopulmonary responses to forward and backward walking and running. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1994; 26: 89-94
  • 17 Fudge BW, Wilson J, Easton C, Irwin L, Clark J, Haddow O, Kayser B, Pitsiladis YP. Estimation of oxygen uptake during fast running using accelerometry and heart rate. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39: 192-198
  • 18 Halson SL. Monitoring training load to understand fatigue in athletes. Sports Med 2014; 44: 139-147
  • 19 Harriss D, Atkinson G. Ethical standards in sport and exercise science research: 2016 update. Int J Sports Med 2015; 36: 1121-1124
  • 20 Hopkins WG. A scale of magnitudes for effect statistics.In: A New View of Statistics.[online] Available from http://www.sportsci.org/resource/stats/effectmag.html [Accessed on 26 March 2017]
  • 21 Jennings D, Cormack S, Coutts A, Boyd L, Aughey R. The validity and reliability of GPS units for measuring distance in team sport specific running patterns. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2010; 5: 328-341
  • 22 Jones CM, Griffiths PC, Mellalieu SD. Training load and fatigue marker associations with injury and illness: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Sports Med 2016; 1-32
  • 23 Knight RD. (ed) Physics for Scientists and Engineers. California: Pearson; 2004: 1184
  • 24 Lambert MI, Borresen J. Measuring training load in sports. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2010; 5: 406-411
  • 25 Marfell-Jones MJ, Stewart A, de Ridder J. (ed) International Standards for Anthropometric Assessment. Potchefstroom (South Africa): ISAK; 2012
  • 26 Montgomery PG, Pyne DB, Minahan CL. The physical and physiological demands of basketball training and competition. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2010; 5: 75-86
  • 27 Mooney MG, Cormack S, O'Brien BJ, Morgan WM, McGuigan M. Impact of neuromuscular fatigue on match exercise intensity and performance in elite Australian football. J Strength Cond Res 2013; 27: 166-173
  • 28 Reilly T, Bowen T. Exertional costs of changes in directional modes of running. Percept Motor Skills 1984; 58: 149-150
  • 29 Scanlan A, Dascombe B, Reaburn P. A comparison of the activity demands of elite and sub-elite Australian men's basketball competition. J Sports Sci 2011; 29: 1153-1160
  • 30 Scanlan AT, Dascombe BJ, Reaburn PR. The construct and longitudinal validity of the basketball exercise simulation test. J Strength Cond Res 2012; 26: 523-530
  • 31 Scanlan AT, Dascombe BJ, Reaburn PR. Development of the basketball exercise simulation test: a match-specific basketball fitness test. J Hum Sport Exerc 2014; 9: 700-712
  • 32 Scanlan AT, Wen N, Tucker PS, Dalbo VJ. The relationships between internal and external training load models during basketball training. J Strength Cond Res 2014; 28: 2397
  • 33 Scott BR, Lockie RG, Knight TJ, Clark AC, De Jonge X. A comparison of methods to quantify the in-season training load of professional soccer players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2013; 8: 195-202
  • 34 Scott TJ, Black CR, Quinn J, Coutts AJ. Validity and reliability of the session-RPE method for quantifying training in Australian football: a comparison of the CR10 and CR100 scales. J Strength Cond Res 2013; 27: 270-276
  • 35 Small K, McNaughton L, Greig M, Lohkamp M, Lovell R. Soccer fatigue, sprinting and hamstring injury risk. Int J Sports Med 2009; 30: 573-578
  • 36 Steele BG, Holt L, Belza B, Ferris S, Lakshminaryan S, Buchner DM. Quantitating physical activity in COPD using a triaxial accelerometer. Chest 2000; 117: 1359-1367
  • 37 Wundersitz D, Gastin P, Robertson S, Davey P, Netto K. Validation of a trunk-mounted accelerometer to measure peak impacts during team sport movements. Int J Sports Med 2015; 36: 742-746
  • 38 Wundersitz DW, Gastin PB, Robertson SJ, Netto KJ. Validity of a trunk-mounted accelerometer to measure physical collisions in contact sports. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2015; 10: 681-686
  • 39 Ziv G, Lidor R. Physical attributes, physiological characteristics, on-court performances and nutritional strategies of female and male basketball players. Sports Med 2009; 39: 547-568