Sportverletz Sportschaden 2017; 31(04): 231-239
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-120884
Originalarbeit
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Short-Term Effects of Combined High-Intensity Strength and Sprint Interval Training on Anthropometric Characteristics and Physical Performance of Elite Team Handball Players

Kurzfristige Wirkungen einer Kombination aus hochintensivem Kraft- und Sprint-Intervall-Training auf anthropometrische Eigenschaften und die körperliche Leistung von Handballspielern im Spitzensport
Souhail Hermassi
,
Mohamed Souhail Chelly
,
Georg Fieseler
,
Thomas Bartels
,
Stephan Schulze
,
Karl-Stefan Delank
,
Roy J. Shepard
,
René Schwesig
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
11 December 2017 (online)

Abstract

Muscular strength and speed are critical physical factors in determining the technical and tactical skills of elite team handball players. This study thus investigated the effect of high-intensity muscular strength and sprint interval training (SIT) on lower limb explosive performance and anthropometric characteristics in 22 male handball athletes aged 20.2 ± 0.1 years. A training group (TG, n = 12) and a control group (CG, n = 10) were followed over 8 weeks parallel to regular handball training. The TG received combined additional high-intensity muscular strength and interval training twice per week during this period. The muscular training was comprised of 3 – 4 sets of 70 – 85 % of 1-RM (repetition maximum) of dynamic back half squat exercise; followed immediately by a short sprint program with 4, 5, and 6 maximal intensity repetitions of 30 m runs. Strength (1-RM of the half back-squat and bench press), first step (V1S), first 5 m (V5 m), squat jumps (SJ), counter movement jumps (CMJ) and the Modified Agility Test (MAT) were tested at the beginning and end of the study. Significant interaction effects (group × time) were observed for all parameters (η² range: 0.531 (MAT) to 0.829 (First 5 m)). All 10 parameters showed relevant intervention effects (d> 0.5) in the TG (highest intervention effect: CMJ: d = 4.05), the mean effect size being d = 1.85. In contrast, scores for the CG either remained unchanged or decreased (d = –0.24). We conclude that combined high-intensity strength and sprint interval training during the competitive season should be recommended to elite male handball players as a means of improving handball-related performance characteristics without compromising other critical aspects of the individual's performance.

Zusammenfassung

Muskelkraft und Schnelligkeit sind entscheidende körperliche Faktoren bei der Ermittlung der technischen und taktischen Fähigkeiten von Handballspielern im Spitzensport. Daher untersuchte die vorliegende Studie die Wirkung von hochintensivem Muskelkraft- und Sprint-Intervall-Training (SIT) auf die Explosivkraftleistung der unteren Extremitäten sowie anthropometrische Eigenschaften bei 22 männlichen Handballsportlern im Alter von 20,2 ± 0,1 Jahren. Eine Trainingsgruppe (TG, n = 12) und eine Kontrollgruppe (CG, n = 10) wurden 8 Wochen lang parallel zu ihrem regulären Handballtraining nachverfolgt. Während dieses Zeitraums erhielt die TG zweimal pro Woche zusätzlich eine Kombination aus hochintensivem Muskelkraft- und Intervall-Training. Das Muskeltraining umfasste eine dynamische Übung mit Halbkniebeugen (70 – 85 % 1-RM (Wiederholungsmaximum), 3 – 4 Sätze) und unmittelbar im Anschluss ein kurzes Sprintprogramm aus 30-Meter-Läufen mit 4, 5 und 6 Wiederholungen maximaler Intensität. Zu Studienbeginn und -ende erfolgte eine Überprüfung der Parameter Kraft (1-RM von Halbkniebeuge und Bankdrücken), erster Schritt (V1S), erste 5 m (V5 m), Squat Jumps (SJ), Counter Movement Jumps (CMJ) und Modified Agility Test (MAT). Es fanden sich signifikante Interaktionseffekte (Gruppe × Zeit) für alle Parameter (η²-Bereich: 0,531 (MAT) bis 0,829 (erste 5 m)). Alle 10 Parameter zeigten relevante Interventionseffekte (d > 0,5) in der TG (höchster Interventionseffekt: CMJ: d = 4,05) mit einer mittleren Effektgröße von d = 1,85. In der CG hingegen fanden sich gleichbleibende oder rückläufige Werte (d = –0,24). Schlussfolgerung: Männlichen Handballspielern im Spitzensport sollte während der Wettkampfsaison eine Kombination aus hochintensivem Kraft- und Sprint-Intervall-Training empfohlen werden, da diese die handballbezogenen Leistungsmerkmale verbessert, ohne andere entscheidende Aspekte der individuellen Leistung zu beeinträchtigen.

 
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