Photobiologische Wirkungen der Sonnenstrahlung auf die Haut und Schutz durch Sonnenschutzmittel

Zusammenfassung

Die Wellenlängenabhängigkeit photobiologischer Wirkungen wird durch Wirkungsspektren beschrieben. Die physikalischen Voraussetzungen für die Ermittlung und Anwendung von Wirkungsspektren werden erläutert. Die Bewertung von Strahlungsquellen durch Wirkungsspektren wird am Beispiel der Erythembildung und der Bildung von Provitamin D gezeigt.

Die Schutzwirkung von Sonnenschutzmitteln in verschiedenen Spektralbereichen kann durch die Wahl geeigneter UV-Absorber variiert werden. Die Bestimmung von Schutzfaktoren gegenüber erythemwirksamer Strahlung und UVA-Strahlung wird beschrieben. Sonnenschutzmittel reduzieren automatisch auch diejenigen Strahlungsanteile, die für die Produktion von Provitamin D verantwortlich sind. Es wird eine Optimierung von Sonnenschutzmitteln beschrieben, die bei vorgegebenem Erythemschutz ein Optimum an Provitamin D-erzeugender Strahlung auf der Haut zulassen.

Abstract

The wavelength dependance of photobiological effects can be expressed by action spectra. It is explained in physical terms how action spectra are measured and applied. The assessment of radiation sources via action spectra is shown with the example of both erythema formation and the production of previtamin D.

The protective effect of sunscreens in different spectral ranges can be varied by choosing suitable UV absorbers. Determination of protection factors related to both erythema effective radiation and UVA related effects is described.

Sunscreens do also reduce the part of the radiation responsible for the production of previtamin D. Finally, it is pointed out how sunscreens can be optimized to allow a maximum of previtamin D producing radiation reaching the skin, while keeping the sun protection factor constant.

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