Abstract
Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains the modality of choice to image
bone marrow. However, the last few decades have witnessed the emergence and development
of novel MRI techniques, such as chemical shift imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging,
dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, and whole-body MRI, as well as spectral computed tomography
and nuclear medicine techniques. We summarize the technical bases behind these methods,
in relation to the common physiologic and pathologic processes involving the bone
marrow. We present the strengths and limitations of these imaging methods and consider
their added value compared with conventional imaging in assessing non-neoplastic disorders
like septic, rheumatologic, traumatic, and metabolic conditions. The potential usefulness
of these methods to differentiate between benign and malignant bone marrow lesions
is discussed. Finally, we consider the limitations hampering a more widespread use
of these techniques in clinical practice.
Keywords
Dixon - diffusion-weighted imaging - dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance
imaging - whole-body magnetic resonance imaging - dual-energy computed tomography
