Abstract
Background Neuroendoscopy is increasingly utilized as a minimally invasive method. Due to its
challenging learning process, there is a pressing need for cost-efficient training
methods for residents and fellows in these surgeries. One such modality is using borescopes
as substitutes for endoscopes, which could prove beneficial in resource-limited settings.
However, existing literature on the use of borescopes in surgical practice for training
remains scarce.
Methods A thorough literature review was conducted to assess the applicability of borescopes.
The search encompassed original articles, review articles, and randomized control
trials on PubMed and Cochrane library. Studies were analyzed to evaluate the operability
and limitations of borescopes in medical settings, considering factors such as light
source, water resistance, sterility, camera quality, rigidity, ease of operation,
and cost. This review also draws on practical experience using borescopes in endoscopic
training, supplemented by feedback from neuroendoscopic fellows and consultants who
have participated in our biannual workshops since March 2022.
Results The literature search yielded 522 articles, which, after applying the Preferred Reporting
Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, resulted in 61
studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Universal serial bus (USB) powered borescopes
have been employed as substitutes for endoscopes in training models using practice
models and cadavers, facilitating the study of neuroanatomy and aiding in airway visualization
during laryngoscopy. Despite lower resolution and fidelity compared to traditional
endoscopy towers, their versatility and enhanced functionality through attachments
make them an affordable alternative for endoscopes, contributing to improved surgical
proficiency.
Conclusion Borescopes have demonstrated potential as substitutes for endoscopes in training
models, with positive feedback from trial participants suggesting broader applications
in practice settings and possibly even clinics. This could ultimately enhance accessibility
to endoscopic surgery, particularly in underserved regions.
Keywords
borescope - endoscope - neuroendoscopy - skill training - surgical practice
