A Case Report of Neuroleukemiosis Detected on FDG PET Scan in a Patient of Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia Post Bone Marrow Transplantation in Remission

Ramya Soundararajan; Archana Yadav; Anil Kumar AVS; Hemlata Jangir

doi:10.1055/s-0044-1800837

World Journal of Nuclear Medicine, Table of Contents

CC BY 4.0 · World J Nucl Med 2025; 24(02): 169-172
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1800837

Case Report

A Case Report of Neuroleukemiosis Detected on FDG PET Scan in a Patient of Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia Post Bone Marrow Transplantation in Remission

Authors

Ramya Soundararajan

¹Department of Nuclear Medicine, Army Hosp Research and Referral, New Delhi, India
Archana Yadav

¹Department of Nuclear Medicine, Army Hosp Research and Referral, New Delhi, India
Anil Kumar AVS

¹Department of Nuclear Medicine, Army Hosp Research and Referral, New Delhi, India
Hemlata Jangir

²Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

Abstract

Neuroleukemiosis, an exceedingly rare manifestation of leukemia, is defined as peripheral nerve infiltration by leukemic cells. The typical clinical presentation is with peripheral neuropathy and/or chloromatous masses. The diagnosis of this condition is quite challenging, as symptoms usually appear in patients during remission and there are no other signs of relapse. The diagnosis is supported with electrophysiologic testing and imaging and finally established with histopathology and immunophenotyping. We present a case of multineuritis in a patient with mixed phenotype acute leukemia during remission post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant, where inflamed thickened nerves were detected on positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose. A diagnosis of neuroleukemiosis was established via biopsy and immunophenotyping. The literature is reviewed regarding this interesting and rare clinical condition.

Keywords

¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT - peripheral nerve - acute leukemia - extramedullary - neuroleukemiosis

Full Text

References

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