In-depth histological evaluation and comparison of mouse models for cholangiocarcinoma studies

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is one of the aggressive cancers, which arises in the bile ducts, representing approximately 10-15% of liver cancers. It is known for its challenging late-stage diagnosis and limited treatment options. In the recent studies, new insights into CCA were revealed, accentuating the complex nature of the disease and exploring more effective treatment options, primarily focusing on mice studies.

The aim of this study is to characterize the existing mouse models used in the CCA research, evaluating their ability to mimic human CCA by comparing their characteristics, along with their respective advantages and challenges.

In this study, we used tissue-based techniques, including H&E staining and immunohistochemistry, targeting 14 markers. We extensively evaluated their histomorphological characteristics and the tumor microenvironment (TME), across seven mouse models that are used in the CCA studies.

In our results, we have observed those mouse models presented with different CCA subtypes, with various tumor growth patterns, diverse morphological and TME changes. In addition, we detected preneoplastic liver lesions and other neoplastic lesions, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and non-neoplastic alterations of the liver parenchyma (e.g., steatosis).

To conclude, six of the mouse models proved to be suitable for the CCA research. Nevertheless, before conducting the study we recommend that for the selection of the appropriate mouse model, the objectives and targets of the CCA research be defined in advance. Thus, ensuring the optimal model suitability for the future studies.

Publication History

Article published online:
20 January 2025