Abstract
Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) represents a significant clinical challenge globally,
with management varying by region due to differences in healthcare resources. The
American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) has established guidelines for the treatment
of RLS;1 however, their applicability in Latin America is influenced by medication
availability, healthcare infrastructure, and the specific characteristics of the region's
health systems. The prevalence of RLS in Latin America shows substantial variability
among countries. The American Association of Sleep Disorders (ALADS), explores diagnostic
challenges, emphasizing the importance of evaluating iron status, which remains limited
in many regions. Additionally, pharmacological treatment options are examined, highlighting
the difficulty in accessing first-line therapies such as gabapentinoids, while dopamine
agonists continue to be used despite the risk of symptom augmentation. The frequent
use of benzodiazepines and the limited availability of opioids are also discussed.
Alternative therapies, including lifestyle modifications and traditional medicine,
are considered as complementary strategies in resource-limited settings. Finally,
the need to adapt international guidelines to local realities and to promote research
to optimize RLS management in Latin America is underscored.
Keywords
restless legs syndrome - Latin America - iron deficiency - pharmacological treatment
- sleep disorders
