Zusammenfassung:
Rationale: Bis zur Mitte der 90er Jahre existierte keine gesicherte second-line-Therapie nach
Versagen einer first-line-Therapie mit 5-Fluorouracil/Folinsäure (5-FU/FA) bei fortgeschrittenen
metastasierten kolorektalen Karzinomen. In-vitro-Untersuchungen zeigten Aktivität
von Topotecan gegen humane und murine Kolonkarzinomzelllinien. Aus diesem Grunde wählten
wir in Anlehnung an repetetive Applikationsformen und langanhaltende Exposition eine
wöchentliche 24-Stunden-Infusion. Patienten und Metdodik: 15 Patienten mit einem fortgeschrittenen metastasierten kolorektalen Karzinom (Altersmedian:
65 Jahre), die in drei Fällen eine adjuvante Chemo-Immun-Therapie und in allen Fällen
eine palliative first-line-Therapie mit 5-FU/FA (vier Patienten low dose, neun Patienten
medium dose, zwei Patienten high dose) erhalten hatten, wurden in diese Prüfung aufgenommen.
Neun Patienten (60 %) waren unter 5-FU-Therapie progredient, weitere sechs Patienten
(40 %), drei nach PR, drei nach SD, nach einem therapiefreien Intervall zu Beginn
der Topotecantherapie dokumentiert progredient. Ziele dieser monozentrischen klinischen
Untersuchung waren die Beurteilung der tumorgerichteten Aktivität und die Charakterisierung
der Toxizität von Topotecan. Die Patienten wurden über sechs Wochen mit einer 24-h-Infusion
von 1,50 mg/m2 Topotecan pro Woche behandelt. Nach einer Pause von 14 Tagen begann der nächste Therapieblock.
Ergebnisse: 14 Patienten waren hinsichtlich Therapieansprechens auswertbar, wobei keine komplette
oder partielle Remission eintrat. Bei acht Patienten (57 %) ließ sich eine Krankheitsstabilisierung
nachweisen, bei sechs Patienten (43 %) eine primäre Progression. Die mediane Dauer
des progressionsfreien Intervalls der acht Patienten betrug 6,4 Monate, 95 %-Konfidenzintervall:
4,3 - 8,7. Das Gesamtüberleben betrug im Median 8,6 Monate (1,50 - 32,0); 95 % Konfidenzintervall:
5,1 - 15,2, nach Beginn der Topotecantherapie. Die 1-Jahres-Überlebensrate betrug
28,6 % nach Therapiebeginn. Im diagnostischen Procedere hat sich der Sero-Tumormarker
CEA als einfacher und kostengünstiger Monitoringfaktor in dieser Studie bewärt. Die
Toxizitätsanalyse ergab für 14 evaluierbare Patienten eine moderate Toxizität mit
überwiegend Grad 1 und 2 WHO-Nebenwirkungen bei guter subjektiver Verträglichkeit.
Hämatologisch traten dosisunabhängig Anämien vom Grad 3 bei vier Patienten auf. Nichthämatologische
Nebenwirkungen waren ebenfalls moderat, wobei die sehr niedrige Rate an gastrointestinalen
Nebenwirkungen hervorzuheben ist. Lediglich bei zwei Patienten (14 %) wurden eine
Diarrhö WHO-Grad 2 und bei zwei Patienten Übelkeit und Erbrechen WHO-Grad 3 beobachtet.
Bei jeweils einem weiteren Patienten traten eine febrile Candida-Infektion sowie ein
Angina pectoris-Syndrom auf. Bei keinem der Patienten trat eine WHO-Nebenwirkung Grad
4 auf. Schlussfolgerungen: Mit Topotecan ließ sich bei über der Hälfte der Patienten mit fortgeschrittenen 5-FU/FA-vorbehandelten
kolorektalen Karzinomen (53 % nach der „intention to treat-Analyse”) eine Krankheitsstabilisierung
erzielen. In Anbetracht der geringen Toxizität und guten Verträglichkeit sollten derzeit
begonnene Studien den Wert von Topotecan als Partner für Kombinationen mit 5-FU/FA
oder Oxaliplatin in der palliativen Situation weiter evaluieren.
Topotecan as a weekly 24-hour infusion in patients with advanced colorectal cancer
pretreated with 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid.
Rationale: Until the mid-1990s, there was no safe second-line therapy for the treatment of advanced
metastatic colorectal cancer after the failure of first-line therapy with 5-fluorouracil/folinic
acid (5-FU/FA). In vitro studies demonstrated activity of topotecan against human
and murine colon cancer cell lines. For this reason, we chose a weekly 24-hour infusion
following repetitive forms of application and long term exposure. Patients and method: 15 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (median age 65 ys); three of them having
received adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy and all having received palliative first-line
therapy with 5-FU/FA (four pts. low dose, nine pts. medium-dose, two pts. high-dose
therapy) were included in this study. Nine patients (60 %) had PD under 5-FU therapy,
another six patients (40 %) with three PR and three SD respectively, had documented
progressive disease at the beginning of topotecan therapy after an interval without
treatment. The objects of this monocenter clinical study were the assessment of tumor-directed
activity and the characterization of the toxicity of topotecan. The patients were
treated with a weekly 24-hours of 1.50 mg/m2 BSA of topotecan over six weeks. After a 14 day interval without treatment, the next
treatment course was initiated. Results: 14 patients were evaluable with respect to their response to therapy, however, no
complete or partial remissions were achieved. In eight patients (57 %), stable disease
could be demonstrated, in six patients (43 %) a primary progression. The mean time
to progression was 6.4 months, 95-confidence interval (4.3 - 8.7). After the start
of topotecan therapy, median overall survival was 8.6 months (range 1.5 - 32), 95
%-confidence interval (5.1 - 15.2). Currently, the 1-year-survival rate is 28.6 %
after the start of therapy. In the diagnostic process the sero-tumormarker CEA has
proved to be a simple and cheap monitoring factor in this study. The toxicity analysis
showed moderate toxicity in 14 evaluable patients with side effects of mostly WHO
grades 1 and 2 and a good subjective tolerability. With respect to hematology dose-independent
grade 3 anemia was observed in four patients. Non-hematological side effects were
decidedly moderate in nature and only mildly pronounced. Especially the distinctly
low rate of gastrointestinal side effects should be emphasized; only two patients
(14 %) presented with WHO grade 2 diarrhea. Grade 3 side effects of nausea and emesis
were reported in only two patients. In one patient each a febrile candidiasis of the
intestines and an angina pectoris syndrome was observed. None of the patients had
side effects of WHO gade 4. Conclusions: In over a half of all patients with advanced colorectal cancer pretreated with 5-FU/FA
disease control could be achieved with topotecan (53 % according to the “intention
to treat” analysis). Considering that topotecan is well-tolerated and its modest toxicity
presently running studies showed should go on elevating the value of topotecan as
a partner for the combination with 5-FU/FA or oxaliplatin in a palliative situation.
Schlüsselwörter:
Fortgeschrittenes kolorektales Karzinom - - second-line-Therapie - - Topotecan -
- palliative Chemotherapie - - kontinuierliche 24-Stunden-lnfusion - - CEA
Key words:
Advanced colorectal cancer - - second-line therapy - - topotecan - - palliative
chemotherapy - - continuous 24-hour infusion - - CEA
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