Zusammenfassung:
Einführung: Überwiegend bei jungen Frauen wurde in bislang 64 Fällen eine subakut auftretende
Enzephalopathie mit Retinaarterienverschlüssen und kochleärer Hörstörung als eigenständiges
Syndrom beschrieben. 1994 wurde für diese Trias der Begriff Susac-Syndrom (nach einem
der Erstbeschreiber) vorgeschlagen. Methode: Fallbericht und Review von 64 bisher in der Literatur beschriebenen Fällen. Fallbericht: Bei einer bisher gesunden 32-jährige Patientin kam es zu einem progredienten organischen
Psychosyndrom, kochleärer Hörstörung und asymmetrischen bilateralen Gesichtsfeldausfällen.
Fundoskopisch konnten multiple Retinaarterienverschlüsse nachgewiesen werden. Das
MRT des Hirnschädels zeigte multiple, kleine, im T2-gewichteten Bild hyperintense
Läsionen ohne Kontrastmittelaufnahme sowohl in der weißen Substanz als auch in den
Stammganglien und im Thalamus ohne Kontrastmittelaufnahme. Im Liquor fand sich eine
leichte Eiweißerhöhung bei Schrankenstörung. Evozierte Potenziale, immunologische
Laborparameter sowie oligoklonale Banden im Liquor waren negativ. Diskussion: Die Pathogenese dieser retinokochleozerebralen Angiopathie ist bislang unbekannt.
Klinisch ist das Syndrom vor allem von der Encephalomyelitis disseminata zu differenzieren.
Obwohl das Susac-Syndrom selbstlimitierend zu verlaufen scheint, kommt es oft zu erheblichen
Defektzuständen. Verlauf und Ausgang der Erkrankung scheinen durch eine Kombination
immunsuppressiver und die Thrombozytenaggregation hemmender Substanzen beeinflussbar.
Susac-Syndrome - A Retinocochleocerebral Angiopathy:
Introduction: There has been a series of case reports of otherwise healthy patients suffering from
microangiopathy of the brain, retina and cochlea. Most patients were young women presenting
clinically with a subacute encephalopathy, branch retina artery occclusions, and hearing
loss. In 1994 the name “Susac syndrome” has been proposed for this disease entity.
Method: Case report and review of 64 published cases, identified through MEDLINE are given.
Case report: We describe a 32-year-old otherwise healthy woman presenting with a subacute encephalopathy,
multiple branch retinal artery occlusions and bilateral hearing loss. MRI of the brain
revealed multiple small white and grey matter lesions without contrast enhancement.
CSF protein was elevated, oligoclonal bands were negative. Immunological laboratory
parameters, microbiology, virolology, koagulation studies, SEP, AEP, VEP and cerebral
DSA were normal. Review of the literature: Of 64 identified patients 58 were women. The mean age of the patients was 30 years.
60 patients (94 %) had arterial occlusions, which were bilateral in 39 %. 48 patients
reported hearing loss, 37 patients (58 %) had a global encephalopathy, but other neurologic
manifestations were common. Conclusion: This rare syndrome has a strong young female preponderance. MRI of the brain often
shows lesions suggestive of multiple sclerosis. Fluorescein angiography may show arteriolar
wall hyperfluorescence. Patients can be identified at an early stage with a careful
history and physical examination. Early treatment with corticosteroids is often associated
with a good prognosis. Cyclophosphamide and antiplatelet drugs may be added in complicated
cases.
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Dr M Winterholler
Neurologische Klinik Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
Schwabenbachanlage 6 91054 Erlangen
Email: E-mail: wiho.erlangen@t-online.de