Zusammenfassung:
Nichtinvasive Maskenbeatmung wird heute bei kooperativen, mitarbeitsfähigen Patienten
als Ergänzung zur konventionellen invasiven Beatmung über einen Endotrachealtubus
auf vielen Intensivstationen eingesetzt. Bei Beachtung der Kontraindikationen (Schleimverhalt,
Schluckstörung und andere neurologische Auffälligkeiten, Kreislaufinstabilität) und
genauer Definition von Abbruchkriterien hat sich die Methode als sicher bewährt.Neben
der Exazerbation der chronisch obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung stellt vor allem das
kardiogen bedingte Lungenödem eine durch Studien gut belegte Indikation dar. Für andere
Erkrankungen wie Pneumonie und ARDS liegen bisher nur kleine Untersuchungen vor. Aus
pathophysiologischen Überlegungen reduziert sich der Einsatz nicht-invasiver Techniken
hier auf eher leichte Fälle.Aufgrund der zunehmenden Bedeutung in der Entwöhnung langzeitbeatmeter
Patienten sollte diese Beatmungsform auf jeder Intensivstation etabliert werden.
In many ICU's in these days non-invasive mask ventilation is a technique in addition
to the traditional invasive ventilation via endotracheal tube if the patient is able
to cooperate. If contraindication (mucus retention, swallowing disorders, acute neurologic
disorders, circulatory instability) and definition of interruption criteria are regarded,
the method is safe.Besides its use for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease, especially the cardiogenic, pulmonary oedema is an indication which is supported
by several studies. Other conditions such as pneumonia and ARDS have only been observed
in relatively small studies. According to pathophysiologic pathways the use of non-invasive
techniques seems limited to not-so-advanced stages of the disease in these cases.
Considering the growing importance of this technique for the weaning procedure after
long-term mechanical ventilation should be established at every ICU.
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Dr. Tobias Welte
Otto-von Guericke Universität Magdeburg Bereich Pneumologie und internistische Intensivmedizin
Leipziger Str. 44
39120 Magdeburg