Summary
Although, total paracentesis associated with human albumin
substitution has shown to be a rapid, effective and safe treatment of diuretic
refractory ascites
in advanced liver cirrhosis, it implies high costs and has a limited availability.
Therefore an
alternative procedure the reinfusion of concentrated ascites has gained popularity
in recent years
(Smart et al. 1990; Grazioto et al. 1997). It was
the aim of the study to compare human albumin substitution vs. reinfusion of ascitic-ultrafiltrate
after total paracentesis.
35 patients with cirrhosis and tense ascites received total
paracentesis associated with either human albumin (5-8 g/l ascites) (= group A)
or reinfusion of an ascitic-ultrafiltrate fluid by means of hemofiltration technique
(= group B). The mean volume of ascites removed was 9.4 l (2.1-20.0) in group
A
and 11.4 l (6.5-21.0) in group B. No significant differences in serum electrolytes,
liver and renal function, coagulation profiles and hormones of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system were observed during hospitalization. In both groups sodium excretion increased
significantly. 43 % of the patients in group B developed pyrexia and chill after
reinfusion
of the ascitic-ultrafiltrate fluid. In one patient an anaphylactic bronchospasm
occurred requiring
IUC-treatment. The treatment cost in case of human albumin were 326.- DM vs.
290.- DM for each patient treated with ascitic-ultrafiltrate fluid reinfusion.
The
probabilities of hospital readmission and survival were similar in both groups
during
follow-up.
The results indicate that i. v. infusion of ascitic-ultrafiltrate fluid is
as effective as total paracentesis and albumin infusion in case of diuretic refractory
ascites.
However, according to the costs of instruments and staff and due to the significant
allergic
reactions caused by ascitic fluid it cannot be considered as a real alternative
to albumin
substitution.
Humanalbumin vs. Reinfusion des Aszitesultrafiltrates nach totaler Parazentese bei
Patienten mit zirrhotischem Aszites - eine prospektive Studie
Die totale Parazentese
mit Humanalbuminsubstitution ist ein schnelles, effektives und sicheres Verfahren
in der Therapie
der Leberzirrhose mit diuretikarefraktären Aszites. Aufgrund der hohen Kosten
und der z. T.
begrenzten Verfügbarkeit wurde als alternatives und kostengünstiges Verfahren
die
Reinfusion eines konzentrierten Aszitesultrafiltrates vorgeschlagen (Smart
et al. 1990; Grazioto et al. 1997). Das Ziel dieser Studie war der
prospektive Vergleich beider Verfahren.
35 Patienten mit einer Leberzirrhose und massivem
Aszites wurden einer Totalparazentese unterzogen und anschließend entweder mit
i. v.
Humanalbuminsubstitution (5-8 g/l Aszites) (Gruppe A) oder der i. v. Reinfusion
eines Aszitesultrafiltrates (Gruppe B) behandelt. Die mittleren extrahierten Aszitesvolumina
betrugen 9,4 l (2,1-20,0) in Gruppe A und 11,4 l (6,5-21,0) in Gruppe B.
In beiden Therapiegruppen traten keine signifikanten Veränderungen der Serumelektrolyte,
der
Leber- und Nierenfunktion, der Blutgerinnung und des Renin-Angitotensin-Aldosteron-
Systems auf.
Die Natriumausscheidung im Urin stieg in beiden Gruppen signifikant an. Bei 43
% der
Patienten in Gruppe B wurden im Rahmen der Aszitesreinfusion Fieber und Schüttelfrost
beobachtet. Ein Patient entwickelte einen intensivpflichtigen anaphylaktischen
Bronchospasmus. Die
Behandlungskosten pro Patient mit Humanalbumin betrugen im Durchschnitt 326,-
DM
gegenüber 290,- DM in der Reinfusionsgruppe. Im Follow-up fanden sich keine
Unterschiede in der Rehospitalisierungshäufigkeit und der Überlebensrate zwischen
beiden
Gruppen.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die intravenöse Reinfusion eines
Aszitesultrafiltrates nach totaler Parazentese bei diuretikarefraktärem Aszites
bezüglich
der Effektiviät der Humanalbuminsubstitution äquivalent ist. Allerdings stellt
sie wegen
des erhöhten technischen Aufwandes, bei nur geringem finanziellem Vorteil und
insbesondere
aufgrund der signifikant häufiger auftretenden Nebenwirkungen keine echte Alternative
zur
Humanalbuminsubstitution dar.
Key words
Liver
Cirrhosis - Ascites - Human Albumin - Filtration - Reinfusion
Schlüsselwörter
Leberzirrhose - Aszites - Humanalbumin - Reinfusion
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Address for correspondence
MD Dirk Zaak
Department of Urology Klinikum Großhadern
Ludwig-Maximilians-University
Marchioninistraße 15
81377 München, Germany
eMail: Dirk.Zaak@uro.med.uni-muenchen.de