Zusammenfassung
Der Zusammenhang zwischen psychologischem Stress und Verlauf der MS ist in zahlreichen
Studien mit unterschiedlicher methodischer Qualität untersucht worden. Die Mehrheit
der Befunde deutet darauf hin, dass ein akuter, kurzfristiger Stressor keine negativen
Auswirkungen hat. Dagegen sind chronische psychosoziale Stressoren wie interpersonale
Konflikte, unverarbeitete Verlusterlebnisse, subjektiv empfundener Mangel an sozialer
Unterstützung, Ängste und depressive Episoden als mögliche schubfördernde Risikofaktoren
anzusehen. Die neuroimmunologischen Befunde bei der MS und verschiedenen Stressbedingungen
werden unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Veränderungen des Lymphozyten- und Zytokinnetzwerks
dargestellt und nach ihrer möglichen klinischen Bedeutung gewichtet. Praktische Konsequenzen
für psychologische Interventionsstrategien werden zur Diskussion gestellt.
The Relationship between Psychological Stress and the Clinical Course of Multiple
Sclerosis. An Update
The relationship between psychological stress and the course of MS has been investigated
in several studies using methods with different qualities. The majority of findings
indicates that acute short-term stressors have no negative consequences. Chronic psychosocial
stressors, however, such as interpersonal conflicts, loss and complicated bereavement,
low perceived social support, anxiety and depressive episodes have to be regarded
as possible risk factors for the development of MS exacerbations. The neuroimmunological
findings in MS and under various stress conditions are delineated with emphasis on
the changes in lymphocyte and cytokine networks and evaluated with regard to their
possible clinical significance. Practical consequences for psychological intervention
strategies are discussed.
Key words
Multiple Sclerosis - Stress - Lymphocyte - Cytokine
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Hans Strenge
Institut für Medizinische Psychologie
Niemannsweg 147
24105 Kiel
