Zusammenfassung.
Rezeptoren für Peptidhormone wurden auf Tumoren und Tumorzelllinien des Gastrointestinaltrakts
nachgewiesen. In der Übersicht werden Daten über Peptide, für deren Agonisten bzw.
Antagonisten Wirkungen bei humanen Tumoren gezeigt wurden, zusammenfassend dargestellt.
Gastrin-Antagonisten können das Wachstum von Pankreas- und Kolonkarzinomzelllinien
in vitro und in Nacktmäusen hemmen, nicht dagegen bisher bei Patienten mit Pankreas-
und Magenkarzinomen. Eine Rolle des Gastrins bei der Karzinogenese des Magen- und
Kolonkarzinoms wird diskutiert. Weder Cholezystokinin-Antagonisten noch
-agonisten konnten das Wachstum von Pankreaskarzinomen bei Patienten hemmen. Über
Neurotensin-Rezeptoren kann in vitro das Wachstum von Kolon- und Pankreaszelllinien
gesteigert werden. Vasoaktives Intestinales Peptid (VIP) beeinflusst das Wachstum
von humanen gastrointestinalen Tumoren unterschiedlich. Das Peptid YY kann das Wachstum
humaner Pankreas- und Kolonkarzinomzelllinien hemmen. Der Einsatz von Somatostatin
und Analoga bei neuronendokrinen Tumoren ist etabliert. Auch bei Kolonkarzinomen und
deren Vorläufern sowie beim hepatozellulären Karzinom könnten diese Substanzen wirksam
sein.
The Role of Gastrointestinal Hormones for the Growth of Gastrointestinal Malignancies.
Receptors for regulatory gut/brain peptides are expressed on gastrointestinal tumors
and tumor cell lines. This review summarizes data on those agonists and antagonists
of peptides which effect the growth of human gastrointestinal tumors. Growth of pancreatic
and colon carcinomas is retarded by gastrin and its agonists in vitro and in nude
mice but not in men. A significant role of gastrin in human colorectal and stomach
cancers has recently been discussed. Cholecystokinin and its agonists/antagonists
did not stop the growth of pancreatic carcinomas in patients. In vitro growth of pancreatic
and colon cancer cell lines could be stimulated via receptors for neurotensin. Vasoactive
intestinal peptide (VIP) has ambivalent effects on the growth of gastrointestinal
tumors. Peptide YY decreases the growth of human pancreatic and colon cancer cell
lines. Somatostatin and its agonists are successfully used for therapy of neuroendocrine
tumors. They also could be effective in therapy of colon and hepatocellular carcinomas.
Schlüsselwörter:
Gastrointestinale Peptidhormone - Agonisten - Antagonisten - Gastrointestinale Tumoren
Key Words:
Gastrointestinal peptides - Agonists - Antagonists - Gastrointestinal malignancies
Literatur
- 1
Beatson G T.
On the treatment of inoperable cases of carcinoma of the mamma: suggestion for a new
method of treatment, with illustrative cases.
Lancet.
1896;
2
104-107
- 2
El Salhy M, Sandstrom O.
How age changes the content of neuroendocrine peptides in the murine gastrointestinal
tract.
Gerontology.
1999;
45
(1)
17-22
- 3
Lillemoe K D.
Hormonal therapy for gastrointestinal cancer. Editorial.
Annals of Surgery.
1996;
123
(1)
12-13
- 4
Rehfeld J F, van Solinge W W.
The tumor biology of gastrin and cholecystokinin.
Adv Cancer Res.
1994;
63
295-347
- 5
Caplin M, Khan K, Savage K, Rode J, Varro A, Michaeli D, Grimes S, Brett B, Pounder R,
Dhillon A.
Expression and processing of gastrin in hepatocellular carcinoma, fibrolamellar carcinoma
and cholangiocarcinoma.
J Hepatol.
1999;
30
(3)
519-526
- 6
de Weerth A, von Schrenck T, Lohr M, Mirau S, Greten H, Kalthoff H.
Human pancreatic cancer cell lines express the CCKB receptor.
Hepatogastroenterology.
1999;
46
(25)
472-478
- 7
Schmidt B F, Hernandez L, Rouzer C, Czerwinski G, Chmurny G, Michejda C J.
Peptide-linked 1,3-dialkyl-3-acyltriazenes: gastrin receptor directed antineoplastic
alkylating agents.
J Med Chem.
1994;
37
(22)
3812-3818
- 8
Frucht H, Gazdar A F, Park J A, Oie H, Jensen R T.
Characterization of functional receptors for gastrointestial hormones on human colon
cancer cells.
Cancer Res.
1992;
52
(5)
1114-1122
- 9
Clerc P, Dufresne M, Saillan C, Chastre E, Andre T, Escrieut C, Kennedy K, Vaysse N,
Gespach C, Fourmy D.
Differential expression of the CCK-A and CCK-B/gastrin receptor genes in human cancers
of the esophagus, stomach and colon.
Int J Cancer.
1997;
72
(6)
931-933
- 10
McWilliams D F, Watson S A, Crosbee D M, Michaeli D, Seth R.
Coexpression of gastrin and gastrin receptors (CCK-B and delta CCK-B) in gastrointestinal
tumour cell lines.
Gut.
1998;
42
(6)
795-798
- 11
Smith A M, Watson S A.
Gastrin and gastrin receptor activation: an early event in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence.
Gut.
2000;
47
820-824
- 12
Upp J, Singh P, Townsend C M, Thompson J C.
Clinical significance of gastrin receptors in human colon cancers.
Cancer Res.
1989;
49
488-492
- 13
Johnson L R, Aures D, Hakanson R.
Effect of gastrin on the in vivo incorporation of 14C-leucine into proteins of the digestive tract.
Proc Soc Exp Biol Med.
1969;
132
996-998
- 14
Smith J P, Solomon T E.
Effects of gastrin, proglumide, and somatostatin on growth of human colon cancer.
Gastroenterology.
1988;
95
1541-1548
- 15
Seitz J F, Giovannini M, Gouvernet J, Gauthier A P.
Elevated gastrin levels in patients with colon cancer or adenomatous polyps.
Dig Dis Sci.
1989;
34
171-174
- 16
Wong K, Beardshall K, Waters C M, Calam J, Poston G J.
Postprandial hypergastrinaemia in patients with colorectal cancer.
Gut.
1991;
32
1352-1354
- 17
Payer J, Huorka M, Duris I, Ondrrejka P, Kratochvilova H Ilkova M, Holeczy P.
Circadian rhythmicity of plasma somatostatin, gastrin and cortisol in colon cancer
patients.
Hepatogastroenterology.
1997;
44
(13)
72-77
- 18
Renga M, Brandi G, Paganelli G M, Calabrese C, Papa S, Tosti A, Tomassetti P, Miglioli M,
Biasco G.
Rectal cell proliferation and colon cancer risk in patients with hypergastrinaemia.
Gut.
1997;
41
(3)
330-332
- 19
Thorburn C M, Friedman G D, Dickinson C J, Vogelman J H, Orentreich N, Parsonnet J.
Gastrin and colorectal cancer: a prospective study.
Gastroenterology.
1998;
115
(2)
275-280
- 20
Niv Y, Heizelracht N, Lamprecht S A, Sperber A D, Fraser G M, Schwartz B.
Gastrin levels in colorectal cancer.
Isr J Med Sci.
1997;
33
(3)
186-189
- 21
Fontanesi B V, Boris B, Delcio M, Manoukian F N.
Gastrin levels in patients with colorectal cancer.
Hepatogastroenterology.
1997;
44
(16)
1082-1084
- 22
Chu M, Rehfeld J F, Borch K.
Effects of gastric fundectomy and antrectomy on the colonic mucosa in the hamster.
Digestion.
1992;
53
23-34
- 23
Chu M, Rehfeld J F, Borch K.
Colonic mucosal proliferation after pancreaticobiliary diversion in the hamster.
Dig Dis Sci.
1993;
38
1978-1984
- 24
Hakanson R, Blom H, Carlsson E, Larsson H, Ryberg B, Sundler F.
Hypergastrinaemia produces trophic effects in stomach, but not in pancreas and intestines.
Regul Pept.
1986;
13
(3-4)
225-233
- 25
Hakanson R, Axelson J, Ekman R, Sundler F.
Hypergastrinaemia evoked by omeprazole stimulates growth of gastric mucosa but not
of pancreas or intestines, in guinea pig and chicken.
Regul Pept.
1988;
23
105-115
- 26
Chen D, Destree M, Hakanson R, Willems G.
Endogenous hypergastrinaemia does not promote growth of colonic mucosa or of a transplanted
colon adenocarcinoma in rats.
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol.
1998;
10
(4)
293-299
- 27
Koh T J, Dockray G J, Varro A, Cahill R J, Dangler C A, Fox J G, Wang T C.
Overexpression of glycine-extended gastrin in transgenic mice results in increased
colonic proliferation.
J Clin Invest.
1999;
103
(8)
1119-1126
- 28
Graffner H, Singh G, Chaudry I, Milsom J W.
Omeprazol-induced hypergastrinemia does not influence growth of colon carcinoma.
Dig Dis Sci.
1992;
37
485-489
- 29
Konturek P C, Bielanski W, Bobrzynski A, Hahn E G, Konturek S J.
Gastric mucosal expression and luminal release of growth factors in gastric carcinoma
and duodenal ulcer patients before and after eradication of Helicobacter pylori.
J Physiol Pharmacol.
1997;
48
(3)
375-382
- 30
Konturek P C, Konturek S J, Bielanski W, Karczewska E, Pierzchalski P.
Role of gastrin in gastric cancerogenesis in Helicobacter pylori infected humans.
J Physiol Pharmacol.
1999;
50
(5)
857-863
- 31
Wang T C, Dangler C A, Chen D, Goldenring J R, Koh T, Raychowdhury R, Coffey R J,
Ito S, Varro A, Dockray G J, Fox J G.
Synergistic interaction between hypergastrinemia and Helicobacter infection in a mouse
model of gastric cancer.
Gastroenterology.
2000;
118
(1)
36-47
- 32
Breuer-Katschinski B, Nemes K, Marr A, Rump B, Leiendecker B, Breuer N, Goebell H.
Helicobacter pylori and the risk of colonic adenomas. Colorectal Adenoma Study Group.
Digestion.
1999;
60
(3)
210-215
- 33
Lamberts R, Wartenberg T, Creutzfeldt W.
Role of circulating gastrin in colorectal adenomas and carcinomas.
Digestion.
1999;
60
(2)
101-109
- 34
Watson S A, Clarke P A, Smith A M, Varro A, Michaeli D, Grimes S, Caplin M, Hardcastle J D.
Expression of CCKB/gastrin receptor isoforms in gastro-intestinal tumour cells.
Int J Cancer.
1998;
77
(4)
572-577
- 35
Seva C, Dickinson C J, Yamada T.
Growth-promoting effects of glycine-extended progastrin.
Science.
1994;
265
410-412
- 36
van Solinge W W, Nielsen F C, Friis-Hansen L, Falkmer U G, Rehfeld J F.
Expression but incomplete maturation of progastrin in colorectal carcinomas.
Gastroenterology.
1993;
104
(4)
1099-1107
- 37
Bestervelt L, Barr B, Dethloff L.
Divergent proliferative responses to a gastrin receptor ligand in synchronized and
unsynchronized rat pancreatic AR42J tumour cells.
Cell Signal.
2000;
12
(1)
53-61
- 38
Stepan V M, Sawada M, Todisco A, Dickinson C J.
Glycine-extended gastrin exerts growth-promoting effects on human colon cancer cells.
Mol Med.
1999;
5
(3)
147-159
- 39
Johnson L R, Aures D, Hakanson R.
Effect of gastrin on the in vivo incorporation of 14C-leucine into proteins of the digestive tract.
Proc Soc Exp Biol Med.
1969;
132
996-998
- 40
Artru P, Attoub S, Levasseur S, Lewin M J, Bado A.
Gastrin-17 and G17-gly induce proliferation of LoVo cells through the CCK B/ gastrin
receptor.
Gastroenterol Clin Biol.
1998;
22
(6-7)
607-612
- 41
Kelly A, Hollande F, Shulkes A, Baldwin G S.
Expression of progastrin-derived peptides and gastrin receptors in a panel of gastrointestinal
carcinoma cell lines.
J Gastroenterol Hepatol.
1998;
13
(2)
208-214
- 42
Bold R J, Ishizuka J, Townsend C M, Thompson J C.
Gastrin stimulates growth of human colon cancer cells via a receptor other than CCK-A
or CCK-B.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun.
1994;
202
(3)
1222-1226
- 43
Baldwin G S.
Antiproliferative gastrin/cholecystokinin receptor antagonists target 78-kDA gastrin-binding
protein.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.
1994;
91
3605-3609
- 44
Biagini P, Monges G, Vuaroqueaux V, Parriaux D, Cantaloube J F, De Micco P.
The human gastrin/cholecystokinin receptors: type B and C expression in colonic tumors
and cell lines.
Life Sci.
1997;
61
(10)
1009-1018
- 45
Goetze J P, Nielsen F C, Burcharth F, Rehfeld J F.
Closing the gastrin loop in pancreatic carcinoma. Coexpression of gastrin and its
receptor in solid human pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Cancer.
2000;
88
2487-2494
- 46
Singh P, Dai B, Wu H, Owlia A.
Role of autocrine and endocrine gastrin-like peptides in colonic carcinogenesis.
Curr Opin Gastroenterol.
2000;
16
68-77
- 47
Nakata H, Wang S L, Chung D C, Westwick J K, Tillotson L G.
Oncogenic ras induces gastrin gene expression in colon cancer.
Gastroenterology.
1998;
115
(5)
1144-1153
- 48
Watson S A, Cliffort T, Sykes R E, Robinson E, Steele R JC.
Gastrin sensitivity of primary human colorectal cancer: the effect of receptor antagonism.
Eur J Cancer.
1995;
31A
2086-2092
- 49
Bold R J, Ishizuka J, Townsend C M, Thompson J C.
Gastrin stimulates growth of human colon cancer cells via a receptor other than CCK-A
or CCK-B.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun.
1994;
202
(3)
1222-1226
- 50
Mauss S, Niederau C, Hengels K J.
Effect of gastrin, proglumide, loxiglumide and L-365,260 on growth of human colon
carcinoma cells.
Anticancer Res.
1994;
14
215-220
- 51
Romani R, Howes L G, Morris D L.
Gastrin receptor antagonist CI-998 inhibits growth of human colon cancer in vivo and
in vitro.
Aust N Z J Surg.
1996;
66
235-237
- 52
Fisher W E, Muscarella P, Boros L G, Schirmer W J.
Gastrointestinal hormones as potential adjuvant treatment of exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Int J Pancreatol.
1998;
24
(3)
169-180
- 53
Ohlsson B, Fredang N, Axelson J.
The effect of bombesin, cholecystokinin, gastrin, and their antagonists on proliferation
of pancreatic cancer cell lines.
Scand J Gastroenterol.
1999;
34
(12)
1224-1229
- 54
Monstein H J, Ohlsson B, Rehfeld J F, Axelson J.
Expression of cholecystokinin-B receptor and gastrin mRNA in human pancreatic cancer
cell lines.
Digestion.
2000;
61
308
- 55
Vidgren V, Varis A, Kokkola A, Monni O, Puolakkainen P, Nordling S, Forozan F, Kallioniemi A,
Vakkari M L, Kivilaakso E, Knuutila S.
Concomitant gastrin and ERBB2 gene amplifications at 17q12-q21 in the intestinal type
of gastric cancer.
Genes Chromosomes Cancer.
1999;
24
(1)
24-29
- 56
Liu X, Zhang Z, Yang L, Qiang O.
Regulative effects pentagastrin and somatostatin on growth of human gastric cancer
cells in vitro.
Hua Hsi I Ko Ta Hsueh Hsueh Pao.
1998;
29
(3)
292-294
- 57
Iwase K, Evers B M, Hellmich M R, Guo Y S, Higashide S, Kim H J, Townsend C M.
Regulation of growth of human gastric cancer by gastrin and glycine-extended progastrin.
Gastroenterology.
1997;
113
(3)
782-790
- 58
Chu M, Nielsen F C, Franzen L, Rehfeld J F, Holst J J, Borch K.
Effect of endogenous hypergastrinemia on gastrin receptor expressing human colon carcinoma
transplanted to athymic rats.
Gastroenterology.
1995;
109
(5)
1415-1420
- 59
Vidal C, Rauly I, Zeggari M, Delesque N, Esteve J P, Saint-Laurent N, Vaysee N, Susini C.
Up-regulation of somatostatin receptors by epidermal growth factor and gastrin in
pancreatic cancer cells.
Mol Pharmacol.
1994;
46
(1)
97-104
- 60
Bold R J, Ishizuka J, Townsend C M, Thompson J C.
Gastrin stimulates growth of human colon cancer cells via a receptor other than CCK-A
or CCK-B.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun.
1994;
202
(3)
1222-1226
- 61
Mauss S, Niederau C, Hengels K J.
Effect of gastrin, proglumide, loxiglumide and L-365,260 on growth of human colon
carcinoma cells.
Anticancer Res.
1994;
14
215-220
- 62
Singh P, Reubi J C, Rajakumar G, Guo Y S, Prioux H, Chicone L.
In vivo mitogenic effects of estradiol on colon cancers: role of gastrin and gastrin
receptors.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol.
1993;
46
(1)
49-60
- 63
Smith J P, Solomon T E.
Effects of gastrin, proglumide, and somatostatin on growth of human colon cancer.
Gastroenterology.
1988;
95
1541-1548
- 64
Tatsuta M, Iishi H, Baba M, Nakaizumi A.
Effect of tetragastrin on azaserine-induced carcinogenesis in rat pancreas.
Int J Cancer.
1990;
46
(3)
489-492
- 65
Smith J P, Liu G, Soundararajan V, McLaughlin P J, Zagon I S.
Identification and characterization of CCK-B/gastrin receptors in human pancreatic
cancer cell lines.
Am J Physiol.
1994;
266
(1 Pt 2)
R277-R283
- 66
Karsenty L, Hajri A, Aprahamian M, Garaud J C, Doffoel M, Damge C.
Inhibition of growth of a transplanted rat pancreatic acinar carcinoma with CCK-8.
Pancreas.
1993;
8
(2)
204-211
- 67
Fontana M G, Donato F, Villanacci V, Ghirardi M, Moneghini D, Di-Betta E, Salerni B.
Inhibitory effect of a gastrin receptor antagonist, CR2945, on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced
colorectal cancer in mice.
Eur Surg Res.
1999;
31
(5)
406-411
- 68
Litvak D A, Hellmich M R, Iwase K, Evers B M, Martinez J, Amblard M, Townsend C M.
JMV1155: a novel inhibitor of glycine-extended progastrin-extended progastrin-mediated
growth of a human colon cancer in vivo.
Anticancer Res.
1999;
19
(1A )
45-49
- 69
Watson S A, Michael D, Justin T A, Grimes S, Morris T M, Robinson G, Clarke P A, Hardcastle J D.
Pre-clinical evaluation of the Gastrimmune immunogen alone and in combination with
5-fluorouracil/leucovorin in a rat colorectal cancer model.
Int J Cancer.
1998;
75
(6)
873-877
- 70
Watson S A, Morris T M, Varro A, Michaeli D, Smith A M.
A comparison of the therapeutic effectiveness of gastrin neutralisation in two human
gastric cancer models: relation to endocrine and autocrine/paracrine gastrin mediated
growth.
Gut.
1999;
45
(6)
812-817
- 71
Watson S A, Michaeli D, Morris T M, Clarke P, Varro A, Griffin N, Smith A, Justin T,
Hardcastle J D.
Antibodies raised by gastrimmune inhibit the spontaneous metastasis of a human colorectal
Tumour, AP5LV.
Eur J Cancer.
1999;
35
(8)
1286-1291
- 72
Smith J P, Verderame M F, Zagon I S.
Antisense oligonucleotides to gastrin inhibit growth of human pancreatic cancer.
Cancer Lett.
1999;
135
(1)
107-112
- 73
Harrison J D, Jones J A, Morris D L.
The effect of the gastrin receptor antagonist proglumide on survival in gastric carcinoma.
Cancer.
1990;
66
1449-1452
- 74
Penman I D, McColl K E.
Gastrin and colorectal cancer: where now? [see comments].
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol.
1998;
10
(4)
285-288
, Comment in: Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998; 10 (4): 293-298
- 75
Abbruzzese J L, Gholson C F, Daugherty K, Larson E, DuBrow R, Berlin R, Levin B.
A pilot clinical trial of the cholecystokinin receptor antagonist MK-329 in patients
with advanced pancreatic cancer.
Pancreas.
1992;
7
(2)
165-171
- 76
Militello C, Sperti C, Di Prima F, Pedrazzoli S.
Clinical evaluation and safety of loxiglumide (CCK-A receptor antagonist) in nonresectable
pancreatic cancer patients. Italian Pancreatic Cancer Study Group.
Pancreas.
1997;
14
(3)
222-228
- 77
Axelson J, Ihse I, Hakanson R.
Pancreatic cancer: the role of cholecystokinin?.
Scand J Gastroenterol.
1992;
27
993-998
- 78
Niederau C, Luthen R, Heintges T.
Effects of CCK on pancreatic function and morphology.
Ann NY Acad Sci.
1994;
713
180-198
- 79
de Weerth A, von Schrenck T, Lohr M, Mirau S, Greten H, Kalthoff H.
Human pancreatic cancer cell lines express the CCKB receptor.
Hepatogastroenterology.
1999;
46
(25)
472-478
- 80
Kaufmann R, Schafberg H, Rudroff C, Henklein P, Nowak G.
Cholecystokinin B-type receptor signaling is involved in human pancreatic cancer cell
growth.
Neuropeptides.
1997;
31
(6)
573-583
- 81
Weinberg D S, Ruggeri B, Barber M T, Biswas S, Miknyocki S, Waldman S A.
Cholecystokinin A and B receptors are differentially expressed in normal pancreas
and pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
J Clin Invest.
1997;
100
(3)
597-603
- 82
Weinberg D S, So C, Ruggeri B, Biswas S, Barber M, Waldman S.
Human cholecystokinin-A receptor is not an oncofetal protein.
Dig Dis Sci.
2000;
45
(3)
538-543
- 83
Clerc P, Dufresne M, Saillan C, Chastre E, Andre T, Escrieut C, Kennedy K, Vaysee N,
Gespach C, Fourmy D.
Differential expression of the CCK-A and CCK-B/gastrin receptor genes in human cancers
of the esophagus, stomach and colon.
Int J Cancer.
1997;
72
(6)
931-936
- 84
Smith J P, Verderame M F, Zagon I S.
Antisense oligonucleotides to gastrin inhibit growth of human pancreatic cancer.
Cancer Lett.
1999;
135
(1)
107-112
- 85
Reubi J C, Waser B, Schmassmann A, Laissue J A.
Receptor autoradiographic evaluation of cholecystokinin, neurotensin, somatostatin
and vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors in gastro-intestinal adenocarcinoma samples:
where are they really located?.
Int J Cancer.
1999;
81
376-386
- 86
Upp J, Singh P, Townsend C M, Thompson J C.
Clinical significance of gastrin receptors in human colon cancers.
Cancer Res.
1989;
49
488-492
- 87
Estival A, Clemente F, Ribet A.
Adenocarcinoma of the human exocrine pancreas: presence of secretin and caerulein
receptors.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun.
1981;
102
1336-1341
- 88
Reubi J C, Waser B, Schmassmann A, Laissue J A.
Receptor autoradiographic evaluation of cholecystokinin, neurotensin, somatostatin
and vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors in gastro-intestinal adenocarcinoma samples:
where are they really located?.
Int J Cancer.
1999;
81
376-386
- 89
Ferrara C, Gress T, Müller-Pillasch F.
Proto-oncogene jun expression is induced in the rat pancreas by cerulein infusion.
Digestion.
1995;
56
283
- 90
Tateishi K, Funakoshi A, Misumi Y, Matsuoka Y.
Jun and MAP kinases are activated by cholecystokinin in the pancreatic carcinoma cell
line KP-1N.
Pancreas.
1998;
16
(4)
499-504
- 91
Heald E B, Kramer S T, Smith J P.
Trophic effects of unsulfated cholecystokinin on mouse pancreas and human pancreatic
cancer.
Pancreas.
1992;
7
530-535
- 92
Kobori O, Vuillot M T, Martin F.
Growth responses of rat stomach cancer cells to gastro-entero-pancreatic hormones.
Int J Cancer.
1982;
30
65-67
- 93
Smith J P, Rickabaugh C A, McLaughlin P J, Zagon I S.
Cholecystokinin receptors and PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells.
Am J Physiol.
1993;
265
(1 Pt 1)
G149-G155
- 94
Swift I R, Smith J P.
Cholecystokinin analog, JMV-180, stimulates growth of human pancreatic cancer.
Dig Dis Sci.
1994;
39
1007-1013
- 95
Edwards B F, Redding T W, Schally A V.
The effect of gastrointestinal hormones on the incorporation of tritiated thymidine
in the pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line (WD PaCa).
Int J Pancreatol.
1989;
5
191-201
- 96
Hirata M, Tsuchida A, Iwao T, Sasaki T, Matsubara K, Yamamoto S, Morinaka K, Kawasaki Y,
Fujimoto Y, Inoue H, Kariya K, Kajiyama G.
Cholecystokinin regulates the invasiveness of human pancreatic cancer cell lines via
protein kinase C pathway.
Int J Oncol.
1999;
14
(6)
1129-1135
- 97
Ohlsson B, Fredang N, Axelson J.
The effect of bombesin, cholecystokinin, gastrin, and their antagonists on proliferation
of pancreatic cancer cell lines.
Scand J Gastroenterol.
1999;
34
(12)
1224-1229
- 98
Smith J P, Kramer S, Bagheri S.
Effects of a high-fat diet and L364,718 on growth of human pancreas cancer.
Dig Dis Sci.
1990;
35
726-732
- 99
Detjen K, Fenrich M C, Logsdon C D.
Transfected cholecystokinin receptors mediate growth inhibitory effects on human pancreatic
cancer cell lines.
Gastroenterology.
1997;
112
952-959
- 100
Mandair K K, Towner P, Stamford I F, Morris J D, Harper E, Benjamin I S, Tavares I A.
Cholecystokinin receptors in human pancreatic cancer cell lines.
Eur J Cancer.
1998;
34
(9)
1455-1459
- 101
Smith J P, Solomon T E, Bagheri S, Kramer S.
Cholecystokinin stimulates growth of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma SW-1990.
Dig Dis Sci.
1990;
35
1377-1384
- 102
Spindel E R, Giladi E, Segerson T P, Nagalla S.
Bombesin-like peptides: of ligands and receptors.
Recent Progress Horm Res.
1993;
48
365-391
- 103
Johnson L R, Aures D, Hakanson R.
Effect of gastrin on the in vivo incorporation of 14C-leucine into proteins of the
digestive tract.
Proc Soc Exp Biol.
Med1969;
132
996-998
- 104
Ferris H A, Carroll R E, Lorimer D L, Benya R V.
Location and characterization of the human GRP receptor expressed by gastrointestinal
epithelial cells.
Peptides.
1997;
18
(5)
663-672
- 105
Giladi E, Nagalla S R, Spindel E R.
Molecular cloning and characterization of receptors for the mammalian bombesin-like
peptides.
J Mol Neurosci.
1993;
4
41-54
- 106
Preston S R, Woodhouse L F, Gokhale J, Miller G V, Primrose J N.
Characterization of a bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide receptor on a human gastric-cancer
cell line.
Int J Cancer.
1994;
57
(5)
734-741
- 107
Preston S R, Woodhouse L F, Jones Blackett S, Miller G V, Primrose J N.
High-affinity binding sites for gastrin-releasing peptide on human colorectal cancer
tissue but not uninvolved mucosa.
Br J Cancer.
1995;
71
1087-1089
- 108
Williams B Y, Schonbrunn A.
Bombesin receptors in a human duodenal tumor cell line: binding properties and function.
Cancer Res.
1994;
54
818-824
- 109
Carroll R E, Carroll R, Benya R V.
Characterization of gastrin-releasing peptide receptors aberrantly expressed by non-antral
gastric adenocarcinomas.
Peptides.
1999;
20
(2)
229-237
- 110
Preston S R, Woodhouse L F, Jones Blackett S, Wyatt J I, Primrose J N.
High affinity binding sites for gastrin releasing peptide on human gastric cancer
and Menetriera's mucosa.
Cancer Res.
1993;
53
5090-5092
- 111
Frucht H, Gazdar A F, Park J A, Oie H, Jensen R T.
Characterization of functional receptors for gastrointestinal hormones on human colon
cancer cells.
Cancer Res.
1992;
52
1114-1122
- 112
Chave H S, Gough A C, Palmer K, Preston S R, Primrose J N.
Bombesin family receptor and ligand gene expression in human colorectal cancer and
normal mucosa.
Br J Cancer.
2000;
82
(1)
124-130
- 113
Carroll R E, Matkowskyi K A, Chakrabarti S, McDonald T J, Benya R V.
Aberrant expression of gastrin-releasing peptide by well-differentiated colon cancers
in humans.
Am J Physiol.
1999;
276
(3 Pt 1)
G655-G665
- 114
Chu M, Rehfeld J F, Borch K.
Colonic mucosal proliferation after pancreaticobiliary diversion in the hamster.
Dig Dis Sci.
1993;
38
1978-1984
- 115
Saurin J C, Rouault J P, Abello J, Berger F, 'Remy L, Chayvialle J A.
High gastrin releasing peptide receptor mRNA level is related to tumour dedifferentiation
and lymphatic vessel invasion in human colon cancer.
Eur J Cancer.
1999;
35
(1)
125-132
- 116
Williams B Y, Schonbrunn A.
Bombesin receptors in a human duodenal tumor cell line: binding properties and function.
Cancer Res.
1994;
54
818-824
- 117
Bold R J, Kim H J, Ishizuka J, Townsend C M, Thompson J C.
A human gastric cancer cell line possesses a functional receptor for gastrin-releasing
peptide.
Cancer Invest.
1998;
16
(1)
12-17
- 118
Bold R J, Ishizuka J, Townsend C M.
Progress toward hormonal therapy of gastrointestinal cancer.
Ann Surg.
1996;
223
4-11
- 119
Draoui M, Chung P, Park M, Birrer M, Jakowlew S, Moody T W.
Bombesin stimulates c-fos and c-jun mRNAs in small cell lung cancer.
Peptides.
1995;
16
(2)
289-292
- 120
DeMichele M A, Davis A L, Hunt J D, Landreneau R J, Siegfried J M.
Expression of mRNA for three bombesin receptor subtypes in human bronchial epithelial
cells.
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol.
1994;
11
66-74
- 121
Halmos G, Schally A V.
Reduction in receptors for bombesin and epidermal growth factor in xenografts of human
small-cell lung cancer after treatment with bombesin antagonist RC-3095.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.
1997;
94
956-960
- 122
Szepeshazi K, Schally A V, Halmos G, Lamharzi N, Groot K, Horvath J E.
A single in vivo administration of bombesin antagonist RC-3095 reduces the levels
and mRNA expression of epidermal growth factor receptors in MXT mouse mammary cancers.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.
1997;
94
(20)
10 913-10 918
- 123
Ishizuka J, Townsend C M, Bold R J, Martinez J, Rodriguez M, Thompson J C.
Effects of gastrin on 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate, intracellular calcium,
and phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis in human colon cancer cells.
Cancer Res.
1994;
54
(8)
2129-2135
- 124
Farre A, Ishizuka J, Gomez G, Parekh D, Koo J Y, Townsend C M, Thompson J C.
Bombesin stimulates growth of colon cancer in mice and decreases their survival.
Surg Oncol.
1993;
2
(3)
169-173
- 125
Avis I, Jett M, Kasprzyk P G, Cuttitta F, Treston A M, Maneckjee R, Mulshine J L.
Effect of gastrin-releasing peptide on the pancreatic tumor cell line (Capan).
Mol Carcinog.
1993;
8
(4)
214-220
- 126
Saurin J C, Nemoz-Gaillard E, Sordat B, Cuber J C, Coy D H, Abello J, Chayvialle J A.
Bombesin stimulates adhesion, spreading, lamellipodia formation, and proliferation
in the human colon carcinoma Isrecol cell line.
Cancer Res.
1999;
59
(4)
962-967
- 127
Meijers M, Appel M J, van Garderen Hoetmer A, Lamers C B, Rovati L C, Jansen J B,
Woutersen R A.
Effects of cholecystokinin and bombesin on development of azaserine-induced pancreatic
tumours in rats: modulation by the cholecystokinin receptor antagonist lorglumide.
Carcinogenesis.
1992;
13
(9)
1525-1528
- 128
Ohlsson B, Fredang N, Axelson J.
The effect of bombesin, cholecystokinin, gastrin, and their antagonists on proliferation
of pancreatic cancer cell lines.
Scand J Gastroenterol.
1999;
34
(12)
1224-1229
- 129
Ohlsson B, Fredang N, Axelson J.
The effect of bombesin, cholecystokinin, gastrin, and their antagonists on proliferation
of pancreatic cancer cell lines.
Scand J Gastroenterol.
1999;
34
(12)
1224-1229
- 130
Qin Y, Halmos G, Cai R Z, Szoke B, Ertl T, Schally A V.
Bombesin antagonists inhibit in vitro and in vivo growth of human gastric cancer and
binding of bombesin to its receptors.
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol.
1994;
120
(9)
519-528
- 131
Pinski J, Halmos G, Yano T, Szepeshazi K, Qin Y, Ertl T, Schally A V.
Inhibition of growth of MKN45 human gastric carcinoma xenografts in nude mice by treatment
with bombesin/gastrin-releasing-peptide antagonist (RC-3095) and somatostatin analogue
RC-160.
Int J Cancer.
1994;
57
(4)
574-580
- 132
Radulovic S, Schally A V, Reile H, Halmos G, Szepeshazi K, Groot K, Milovanovic S,
Miller G, Yano T.
Inhibitory effects of antagonists of bombesin/gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) and
somatostatin analog (RC-160) on growth of HT-29 human colon cancers in nude mice.
Acta Oncol.
1994;
33
(6)
693-701
- 133
Qin Y, Ertl T, Cai R Z, Halmos G, Schally A V.
Inhibitory effect of bombesin receptor antagonist RC-3095 on the growth of human pancreatic
cancer cells in vivo and in vitro.
Cancer Res.
1994;
54
(4)
1035-1041
- 134
Chaudhry A, Carrasquillo J A, Avis I L, Shuke N, Reynolds J C, Bartholomew R, Larson S M,
Cuttitta F, Johnson B E, Mulshine J L.
Phase I and imaging trial of a monoclonal antibody directed against gastrin-releasing
peptide in patients with lung cancer.
Clin Cancer Res.
1999;
5
3385-3393
- 135
Schally A V, Nagy A.
Cancer chemotherapy based on targeting of cytotoxic peptide conjugates to their receptors
on tumors.
Eur J Endocrinol.
1999;
141
(1)
1-14
- 136
Maoret J J, Pospai D, Rouyer-Fessard C, Couvineau A, Laboisse C, Voisin T, Laburthe M.
Neurotensin receptor and its mRNA are expressed in many human colon cancer cell lines
but not in normal colonic epithelium: binding studies and RT-PCR experiments.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun.
1994;
203
(1)
465-471
- 137
Reubi J C, Waser B, Friess H, Büchler M, Laissue J.
Neurotensin receptors: a new marker for human ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Gut.
1998;
42
546-550
- 138
Wang L, Friess H, Zhu Z, Graber H, Zimmermann A, Korc M, Reubi J C, Büchler M W.
Neurotensin receptor-1 mRNA analysis in normal pancreas and pancreatic disease.
Clin Cancer Res.
2000;
6
(2)
566-571
- 139
Yoshinaga K, Evers B M, Izukura M, Parekh D, Uchida T, Townsend C M, Thompson J C.
Neurotensin stimulates growth of colon cancer.
Surg Oncol.
1992;
1
(2)
127-134
- 140
Sumi S, Evers B M, Townsend C M, Yoshinaga K, Uchida T, Murakami M, Sato K, Ishizuka J,
Thompson J C.
Comparative effects of neurotensin and neuromedin N on growth of human pancreatic
cancer, MIA PaCa-2.
Surg Oncol.
1993;
2
(5)
267-272
- 141
Evers B M, Zhou Z, Dohlen V, Rajaraman S, Thompson J C, Townsend C M.
Fetal and neoplastic expression of the neurotensin gene in the human colon.
Ann Surg.
1996;
223
(5)
464-470
- 142
Evers B M, Zhou Z, Celano P, Li J.
The neurotensin gene is a downstream target for ras activation.
J Clin Invest.
1995;
95
2822-2830
- 143
Yoshinaga K, Evers B M, Izukura M, Parekh D, Uchida T, Townsend C M, Thompson J C.
Neurotensin stimulates growth of colon cancer.
Surg Oncol.
1992;
1
(2)
127-134
- 144
Sumi S, Evers B M, Townsend C M, Yoshinaga K, Uchida T, Murakami M, Sato K, Ishizuka J,
Thompson J C.
Comparative effects of neurotensin and neuromedin N on growth of human pancreatic
cancer, MIA PaCa-2.
Surg Oncol.
1993;
2
(5)
267-272
- 145
Iwase K, Evers B M, Hellmich M R, Kim H J, Higashide S, Gully D, Thompson J C, Townsend C M.
Inhibition of neurotensin-induced pancreatic carcinoma growth by a nonpeptide neurotensin
receptor antagonist, SR48692.
Cancer.
1997;
79
(9)
1787-1793
- 146
Herzig M C, Chapman W G, Sheridan A, Rake J B, Woynarowski J M.
Neurotensin receptor-mediated inhibition of pancreatic cancer cell growth by the neurotensin
antagonist SR 48 692.
Anticancer Res.
1999;
19
(1A )
213-219
- 147
Iwase K, Evers B M, Hellmich M R, Kim H J, Higashide S, Gully D, Townsend C M.
Indirect inhibitory effect of a neurotensin receptor antagonist on human colon cancer
(LoVo) growth.
Surg Oncol.
1996;
5
(5-6)
245-251
- 148
Reubi J C, Zimmermann A, Jonas S, Waser B, Neuhaus P, Läderach U, Wiedenmann B.
Regulatory peptide receptors in human hepatocellular carcinomas.
Gut.
1999;
45
766-774
- 149
Tang C, Biemond I, Offerhaus G J, Verspaget W, Lamers C B.
Expression of receptors for gut peptides in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma and tumour-free
pancreas.
Br J Cancer.
1997;
75
(10)
1467-1473
- 150
Waschek J A, Richards M L, Bravo D T.
Differential expression of VIP/PACAP receptor genes in breast, intestinal, and pancreatic
cell lines.
Cancer Letters.
1995;
92
143-149
- 151
Reubi J C, Waser B, Schmassmann A, Laissue J A.
Receptor autoradiographic evaluation of cholecystokinin, neurotensin, somatostatin
and vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors in gastro-intestinal adenocarcinoma samples:
where are they really located?.
Int J Cancer.
1999;
81
376-386
- 152
Gamet L,Murat J C, Remaury A, Remesy C, Valet P, Paris H, Denis-Pouxviel C.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide and forskolin regulate proliferation of the HT29 human
colon adenocarcinoma cell line.
J Cell Physiol.
1992;
150
501-509
- 153
Lelievre V, Meunier A C, Caigneaux E, Falcon J, Muller J M.
Differential expression and function of PACAP and VIP receptors in four human colonic
adenocarcinoma cell lines.
Cell Signal.
1998;
10
(1)
13-26
- 154
Björk J, Nilsson J, Hultcrantz R, Johansson C.
Growth-regulatory effects of sensory neuropeptides, epidermal growth factor, insulin,
and somatostatin on the non-transformed intestinal epithelial cell line IEC-6 and
the colon cancer cell line HT29.
Scand J Gastroenterol.
1993;
28
879-884
- 155
Ogasawara M, Murata J, Ayukawa K, Saimi I.
Differentiatial effect of intestinal neuropeptides on invasion and migration of colon
carcinoma cells in vitro.
Cancer Lett.
1997;
116
(1)
111-116
- 156
Jiang S, Kopras E, McMichael M, Bell R H, Ulrich C D.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) stimulates in vitro growth of VIP-1 receptor-bearing
human pancreatic adenocarcinoma-derived cells.
Cancer Res.
1997;
57
(8)
1475-1480
- 157
Zia H, Leyton J, Casibang M, Hau V, Brenneman D, Fridkin M, Gozes I, Moody T W.
(N-stearyl, norleucine17) VIP hybrid inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancer cell
lines.
Life Sci.
2000;
66
(5)
379-387
- 158
Csernus V, Schally A V, Groot K.
Antagonistic analogs of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) inhibit cyclic AMP
production of human cancer cell lines in vitro.
Peptides.
1999;
20
(7)
843-850
- 159
Liu C D, Slice L W, Balasubramaniam A, Walsh J H, Newton T R, Saxton R E, McFadden D W.
Y2 receptors decrease human pancreatic cancer growth and intracellular cyclic adenosine
monophosphate levels.
Surgery.
1995;
118
(2)
229-235
- 160
Cox H M, Tough I R.
Functional characterization of receptors with affinity for PYY, NPY, [Leu31,Pro34]NPY
and PP in a human colonic epithelial cell line.
Br J Pharmacol.
1995;
116
(6)
2673-2678
- 161
Liu C D, Balasubramaniam A, Saxton R E, Paiva M, McFadden D W.
Human pancreatic cancer growth is inhibited by peptide YY and BIM-43 004-1.
J Surg Res.
1995;
58
(6)
707-712
- 162
Liu C D, Rongione A J, Garvey L, Balasubramaniam A, McFadden D W.
Adjuvant hormonal treatment with peptide YY or its analog decreases human pancreatic
carcinoma growth.
Am J Surg.
1996;
171
(1)
192-196
- 163
Heisler T, Towfigh S, Simon N, Liu C, McFadden D W.
Peptide YY augments gross inhibition by vitamin E succinate of human pancreatic cancer
cell growth.
J Surg Res.
2000;
88
(1)
23-25
- 164
Kling K, Kim F, Cole M, McFadden D.
B-cell leukemia protein-2 and peptide YY chemotherapy resistance in colon cancer.
Am J Surg.
1999;
178
(5)
411-414
- 165
Walsh J H.
Gastrointestinal hormones: Past, present, and future.
Gastroenterology.
1993;
104
653-657
- 166
Reubi J C, Krenning E, Lamberts S WJ, Kvols L.
In vitro detection of somatostatin receptors in human tumors.
Metabolism.
1992;
41
(Suppl. 2)
104-110
- 167
Reubi J C, Laissue J A, Waser B, Horisberger U, Schaer J C.
Expression of somatostatin receptors in normal, inflamed, and neoplastic human gastro-intestinal
tissues.
Ann NY Acad Sci.
1994;
733
122-137
- 168
Vuaroqueaux V, Dutour A, Briard N, Monges G, Grino M, Oliver C, Ouafik L.
No loss of sst receptors gene expression in advanced stages of colorectal cancer.
Eur J Endocrinol.
1999;
140
(4)
362-366
- 169
Reubi J C, Zimmermann A, Jonas S, Waser B, Neuhaus P, Läderach U, Wiedenmann B.
Regulatory peptide receptors in human hepatocellular carcinomas.
Gut.
1999;
45
766-774
- 170
Tan C K, Podila P V, Taylor J E, Nagorney D M, Wiseman G A, Gores G J, LaRusso N F.
Human cholangiocarcinomas express somatostatin receptors and respond to somatostatin
with growth inhibition.
Gastroenterology.
1995;
108
(6)
1908-1916
- 171
Liebow C, Reilly C, Serrano M, Schally A V.
Somatostatin analogues inhibit growth of pancreatic cancer by stimulating tyrosine
phosphatase.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.
1989;
86
(6)
2003-2007
- 172
Singh P, Townsend C M, Poston G J, Reubi J C.
Specific binding of cholecystokinin, estradiol and somatostatin to human pancreatic
cancer xenografts.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol.
1991;
39
759-767
- 173
Hoyer D, Lubbert H, Bruns C.
Molecular pharmacology and somatostatin receptors.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol.
1994;
350
451-453
- 174
Szepeshazi K, Halmos G, Schally A V, Arencibia J M, Groot K, Vadillo-Buenfil M, Rodriguez-Martin E.
Growth inhibition of experimental pancreatic cancers and sustained reduction in epidermal
growth factor receptors during therapy with hormonal peptide analogs.
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol.
1999;
125
(8-9)
444-452
- 175
Vidal C, Rauly I, Zeggari M, Delesque N, Esteve J P, Saint-Laurent N, Vaysee N, Susini C.
Up-regulation of somatostatin receptors by epidermal growth factor and gastrin in
pancreatic cancer cells.
Mol Pharmacol.
1994;
46
(1)
97-104
- 176
Delesque N, Rauly I, Buscail L.
Expression of SSTR2 somatostatin receptor subtype inhibited pancreatic tumor cell
growth.
Digestion.
1995;
56
277
- 177
Froidevaux S, Hintermann E, Torok M, Macke H R, Beglinger C, Eberle A N.
Differential regulation of somatostatin receptor type 2 (sst 2) expression in AR4-2J
tumor cells implanted into mice during octreotide treatment.
Cancer Res.
1999;
59
(15)
3652-3657
- 178
Rochaix P, Delesque N, Esteve J P, Saint-Laurent N, Voight J J, Vaysee N, Susini C,
Buscail L.
Gene therapy for pancreatic carcinoma: local and distant antitumor effects after somatostatin
receptor sst2 gene transfer.
Hum Gene Ther.
1999;
10
(6)
995-1008
- 179
Denzler B, Reubi J C.
Expression of somatostatin receptors in peritumoral veins of human tumors.
Cancer.
1999;
85
188-198
- 180
Lamberts S W, Bakker W H, Reubi J C, Krenning E R.
Somatostatin-receptor imaging in the localization of endocrine tumors.
N Engl J Med.
1990;
323
(18)
1246-1249
- 181
Krenning E P, Kwekkeboom D J, Reubi J C, van Hagen P M, van Eijek C H, Oei H Y.
111In-octreotide scintigraphy in oncology.
Digestion.
1993;
54
(Suppl. 1)
84-87
- 182
Hurst R D, Modlin I M.
Use of radiolabeled somatostatin analogs in the identification and treatment of somatostatin
receptor-bearing tumors.
Digestion.
1993;
54
(Suppl. 1)
88-91
- 183
Lamberts S WJ, Reubi J C, Krenning E P.
The role of somatostatin analogs in the control of tumor growth.
Seminars in Oncology.
1994;
21
(Suppl. 13)
61-64
- 184
Liebow C, Reilly C, Serrano M, Schally A V.
Somatostatin analogues inhibit growth of pancreatic cancer by stimulating tyrosine
phosphatase.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.
1989;
86
(6)
2003-2007
- 185
Poston G J, Gillespie J, Guillou P J.
Biology of pancreatic cancer.
Gut.
1991;
32
800-812
- 186
Szende B, Zalatnai A, Schally A V.
Programmed cell death (apoptosis) in pancreatic cancers of hamsters after treatment
with analogs of both luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and somatostatin.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.
1989;
86
1643-1647
- 187
Payer J, Huorka M, Duris I, Mickulecky M, Kratochvilova H, Ondrejka P.
Somatostatin and large bowel polyps.
Hepatogastroenterol.
1995;
42
(6)
775-777
- 188
Chen T B, Huzak M, Macura S, Vuk-pavlovic S.
Somatostatin analogue octreotide modulates metabolism and effects of 5-fluorouracil
and 5-fluorouridine in human colon cancer spheroids.
Cancer Lett.
1994;
86
(1)
41-51
- 189
Liu X, Zhang Z, Yang L, Qiang O.
Regulative effects pentagastrin and somatostatin on growth of human gastric cancer
cells in vitro.
Hua Hsi I Ko Ta Hsueh Hsueh Pao.
1998;
29
(3)
292-294
- 190
Diaconu C C, Szathmari M, Keri G, Venetianer A.
Apoptosis is induced in both drug-senstive and multidrug-resistant hepatoma cells
by somatostatin analogue TT-232.
Brit J Cancer.
1999;
80
(8)
1197-1203
- 191
Saltz L, Trochanowski B, Buckley M.
Octreotide as an antineoplastic agent in the treatment of functional and nonfunctional
neuroendocrine tumors.
Cancer.
1993;
72
244 - 248
- 192
Eriksson B, Oberg K.
Summing up 15 years of somatostatin analog therapy in neuroendocrine tumors: future
outlook.
AA Oncol.
1999;
10
(Suppl. 2)
S31-S38
- 193
Degen L, Beglinger C.
The role of octreotide in the treatment of gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumors.
Digestion.
1999;
60
(Suppl. 2)
9-14
- 194
Goldberg R M, Moertel C G, Wieand H S, Krook J E, Schutt A J, Veeder M H, Mailliard J A,
Dalton R J.
A phase III evaluation of a somatostatin analogue (octreotide) in the treatment of
patients with asymptomatic advanced colon carcinoma. North Central Cancer Treatment
Group and the Mayo Clinic.
Cancer.
1995;
76
(6)
961-966
- 195
Cirillo F, Bottini A, Brunelli A, Zuffada S, Bassi M, Filippini L, Alquati P.
Octreotide in the treatment of advanced pancreatic tumor. Preliminary study.
Minerva Chir.
1998;
53
(12)
979-985
- 196
Raderer M, Hejna M H, Kurtaran A, Kornek G V, Valencak J B, Oberhuber G, Vorbeck F,
Virgolini I, Scheithauer W.
Successful treatment of an advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with the long-acting
somatostatin analog lanreotide.
Am J Gastroenterol.
1999;
94
(1)
278-279
- 197
Raderer M, Hejna M H, Muller C, Kornek G V, Kurtaran A, Virgolini I, Fiebieger W,
Hamilton G, Scheithauer W.
Treatment of hepatocellular cancer with the long acting somatostatin analog lanreotide
in vitro and in vivo.
Int J Oncol.
2000;
16
(6)
1197-1201
- 198
Kouroumalis E, Skordilis P, Thermos K, Vasilaki A, Moschandrea J, Manousos O N.
Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with octreotide: a randomised controlled study.
Gut.
1998;
42
(3)
442-447
1 Diese Arbeit wird von der Sander Stiftung unterstützt.
Christian Lersch
II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik
der Technischen Universität München
Klinikum rechts der Isar
Ismaninger Straße 22
81675 München
Phone: 089-4140-2482
Fax: 089-4140-4968
Email: christian.lersch@lrz.tum.de
