Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Der
Einsatz von passiven Befeuchtern mit Filtereigenschaften in der
Intensivmedizin führt im Vergleich zu aktiven Befeuchtungssystemen
zu einer Kostenreduktion. Die vorliegende Arbeit geht der Frage
nach, ob inzwischen ausreichend Hinweise existieren, um die Anwendung
dieser Beatmungsfilter auch im Hinblick auf die Pneumonieprävention
zu empfehlen. Wenn ja, welche Wechselintervalle und welche Filtermaterialien
sind zu bevorzugen?
Methodik: Die in den letzten Jahren
publizierten randomisierten kontrollierten Studien mit der Zielgröße
Pneumonie sowie weitere prospektive klinische Untersuchungen wurden
systematisch analysiert.
Ergebnisse: Die Studien ergaben, dass
weder ein eindeutiger Vorteil noch ein Nachteil der Beatmungsfilter
im Hinblick auf die Pneumonieprävention besteht. Auch zu
den Wechselintervallen und den am besten geeigneten Filtermaterialien
kann aufgrund der Studienlage nicht abschließend Stellung
genommen werden. Die Daten weisen aber auf die Möglichkeit
der Ausdehnung der Wechselintervalle auf 72 Stunden ohne Nachteil
für die Patienten hin und zeigen den wahrscheinlich sehr
geringen Einfluss der Materialien der Beatmungsfilter.
Folgerungen: Aufgrund des ökonomischen
Vorteils der Anwendung von Beatmungsfiltern im Vergleich zur aktiven
Befeuchtung sollte ihrer Anwendung - abgesehen von individuellen Kontraindikationen
bei einzelnen Patienten - der Vorzug gegeben werden.
Heat and moisture exchanging filters
and pneumonia: many unresolved questions
Background and objective: The use of heat and moisture
exchanging filters (HMEF) instead of conventional heated humidifiers
is a cost-effective method in intensive care medicine. It was the
objective of this paper to investigate the evidence for HMEF from
the viewpoint of prevention of pneumonia and to investigate the
appropriate changing intervals as well as filter materials.
Method: Randomised controlled trials
published in recent years and focusing on prevention of pneumonia
as well as other prospective controlled studies were reviewed systematically.
Results: The studies demonstrate neither
a clear advantage nor disadvantage of HMEF. No final statement is
possible concerning changing intervals and the most appropriate
filter materials. However, the data give some evidence for a possible
extension of changing intervals to 72 hours without harm to the
patients and probably show very little influence of filter materials.
Conclusion: Because of the economic
advantages of HMEF instead of an active humidification, the use
of filters - with the exception of contraindications for
individual patients - should be preferred.
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Korrespondenz
Prof. Dr. med. Petra Gastmeier
Arbeitsbereich Krankenhaushygiene, Institut
für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Medizinische Hochschule
Hannover
Phone: 0511/5325172
Fax: 0511/532 4366
Email: Gastmeier.Petra@mh-hannover.de