Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Der Morbus Behçet (MB) ist
eine systemische Vaskulitis bisher unbekannter Genese. Im Falle einer
okulären Beteiligung als okklusive Vaskulopathie ist die Visusprognose
trotz Therapie sehr eingeschränkt. Ziel unserer offenen, prospektiven
Studie war die Überprüfung der Effektivität von Interferon
α2a (IFN α2a) in der Therapie des okulären MB.Patienten und Methoden 33 Patienten (11 Frauen, 22
Männer) mit einer Panuveitis/Uveitis posterior, die die Kriterien der
„International Study Group of Behçet's Disease”
erfüllten, erhielten IFN α2a. Andere Immunsuppressiva wurden zu
Therapiebeginn abgesetzt. Die Effektivitätskontrolle erfolgte durch das
„Uveitis Scoring System” (Ben Ezra et al.), den Visus und den
Behçet's Disease Activity Score (Rigby et al.).Ergebnisse Bei 32 (97 %) Patienten konnte eine
komplette Remission der entzündlichen Aktivität erzielt werden. Der
posteriore Uveitis-Score fiel von 3,7 auf 0,4, die Sehschärfe stieg von
durchschnittlich 0,5 auf 0,9 an und der mittlere Behçet's Disease
Activity Score fiel von 5,1 auf 3,0 in einer durchschnittlichen
Nachbeobachtungszeit von 28,6 Monaten. Es gab einen Non-Responder. Zu
beobachtende Nebenwirkungen waren bei allen Patienten zu Beginn der Studie
Fieber, Arthralgien und Kopfschmerzen, die jedoch innerhalb der ersten Wochen
verschwanden. Ansonsten war neben Haarausfall (59 %),
Depressionen (36 %), Juckreiz (33 %) und
Fibromyalgie (10 %), die Entwicklung von Autoantikörpern
(21 %) zu beobachten.Schlussfolgerung
Insgesamt scheint IFN α2a in der Therapie des okulären MB sehr wirksam
zu sein. Um die Effektivität von IFN α2a zu überprüfen,
sollten kontrollierte, randomisierte Studien durchgeführt und mit anderen
etablierten immunsuppressiven Therapien, wie Cyclosporin A oder Azathioprin,
verglichen werden.
Introduction Behçet's disease
(BD) is a multisystem vasculitis of unknown origin. Visual outcome in BD is bad
irrespective of therapy. We investigated in a prospective, open clinical trial
wether interferon α2a (IFN α2a) is effective as single agent in severe
ocular BD.Patients and Methods 33 patients (11 female,
22 male) with severe ocular BD (posterior uveitis/panuveitis), fulfilling the
Criteria of the “International Study Group of Behçet's
Disease”, were treated with IFN α2a. Other immunosuppressive drugs
were stopped at the beginning of interferon-therapy. Efficacy was evaluated by
the uveitis scoring system (Ben Ezra et al.), visual acuity and BD activity
score (Rigby et al.).Results In 32 (97 %)
patients complete remission of the inflammatory changes occured. Mean posterior
uveitis score fell from 3.7 to 0.4, visual acuity rose from 0.5 to 0.9, and
mean BD activity score fell from 5.1 to 3.0 during a mean observation period of
28.6 months. There was only one non-responder. Side effects were hair loss
(69 %), depression (36 %), itching
(33 %), fibromyalgia (10 %), and the development of
autoantibodies (21 %). Fever, arthralgia and headache occured in
all patients, but only during the first weeks of therapy.Conclusion IFN α2a seems to be very effective in ocular
BD. Controlled randomized studies are warranted in order to prove the efficacy
of IFN α2a in ocular BD and to compare it with other, established
treatments, such as azathioprine or cyclosporin A.
Schlüsselwörter
Morbus Behçet - Uveitis posterior - retinale Vaskulitis - Interferon α2a
Key words
Behçet's disease - posterior uveitis - retinal vasculitis - interferon α2a
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