Zusammenfassung
Die postoperative Standardtherapie des fortgeschrittenen Ovarialkarzinoms besteht
aus Paclitaxel und Carboplatin. Beim diesjährigen Kongress der American Society of
Clinical Oncology (ASCO) wurden erstmals Daten einer großen randomisierten Studie
vorgestellt, in der die Kombination Docetaxel/Carboplatin bei gleicher Wirksamkeit
einen günstigeren Toxizitätsprofil als Paclitaxel/Carboplatin aufweist. Der Zusatz
einer dritten Substanz (Epirubicin) führte zu keiner Verbesserung des Überlebens bei
Patientinnen mit fortgeschrittenem Ovarialkarzinom. Beim Ovarialkarzinomrezidiv ist
die Wirkung verfügbarer Substanzen enttäuschend und bestenfalls von kurzer Dauer.
Die ersten Berichte über den Einsatz kleiner Moleküle, die den EGF-Rezeptor bzw. die
Signaltransduktion der EGF-Rezeptor-Familie hemmen (OSI-774 bzw. das Antisense-Oligonukleotiden
ISIS 5132), zeigten eine viel versprechende Aktivität bei Ovarialkarzinomrezidiven,
so dass weitere Studien geplant werden. Als neue Substanzgruppen wurden die Acylfulvene
und die Epothilone vorgestellt, die beim Ovarialkarzinom zytotoxisch wirksam sind.
Weder die Kombination von Chemotherapien mit Antikörpern gegen CA 12-5 noch die Metalloproteinase-Inhibitoren
führten zu signifikanten Vorteilen gegenüber Plazebo. Aufgrund der relativ niedrigen
Inzidenz des Ovarialkarzinoms sind Fortschritte nur im Rahmen von großen, multizentrische
Studien zu erzielen.
Abstract
The standard primary therapy of advanced ovarian cancer consists of platinum derivatives
in combination with paclitaxel. In a first report presented at this year's meeting
of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) docetaxel appeared to be as effective
as paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin, while the toxicity profile present
some advantages. The addition of a third drug to platinum-taxane-combination does
not appear to improve the therapeutic index. According to the data of the ICON1- and
ACTION-trial, carboplatin containing chemotherapies are associated with a significant
benefit also in early ovarian cancer. Platinum-resistant disease remains a therapeutic
challenge, since the available drugs display only limited activity of short duration.
Some experimental data suggest evidence for a possible therapeutic role of small molecules
that inhibit the epidermal growth factor receptor (OSI-774) or antisense oligonucleotides
interfering with EGF-receptor signalling (ISIS 5132). Novel classes of chemotherapeutic
agents, including the acylfulvenes and the epothilone-analogues warrant further study
in this disease. Multimodal therapies combining cytotoxic agents with antibodies against
CA 12-5 or metalloproteinase inhibitors have failed to demonstrate any survival benefit
in patients with ovarian cancer. Despite significant progress in the last decade ovarian
cancer remains the most lethal gynaecologic malignancy in women in most western countries.
Further multicenter clinical studies are needed to better define new therapeutic options.
Schlüsselwörter
Ovarialkarzinom - Therapie - Chemotherapie - ASCO
Key words
Ovarian cancer - Therapy - Multimodal therapy - ASCO
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PD Dr. Serban D. Costa
Universitäts-Frauenklinik
Theodor-Stern-Kai 7
60590 Frankfurt am Main