Zusammenfassung
Als Hauptvorteile einer präoperativen Chemotherapie des primären Mammakarzinoms gelten
heute die Volumenreduktion des Tumors („Downstaging“) und die Gewinnung zusätzlicher
Informationen bezüglich des Ansprechverhaltens des Tumors auf verschiedene Chemotherapeutika
(„In-vivo-Chemosensitivität“). Damit soll vor allem die Chance für die Durchführung
einer brusterhaltenden Operation erhöht werden, ein Wunsch der insbesondere bei jungen
Patientinnen im Vordergrund steht. Zudem erlaubt eine solche Therapiestrategie eine
gezielte und individualisierte postoperative Behandlung. Verschiedene Studien, in
denen die Vorteile präoperativ verabreichter Chemotherapien mit postoperativen Therapien
verglichen wurden, lieferten diesbezüglich viele ermutigende Ergebnisse. Demgegenüber
sind präoperative Hormontherapien einer Polychemotherapie hinsichtlich des Ansprechens
unterlegen. Sie werden in Expertenkreisen deshalb eher kritisch gesehen. Nach Auffassung
der Autoren ist dies jedoch nur teilweise gerechtfertigt, da die in den Studien behandelten
Patientenkollektive so unterschiedlich sind, dass ein Vergleich beider Therapieformen
schwierig erscheint. Um die Möglichkeiten einer präoperativen Behandlung mit Exemestan
genauer auszuloten, ist die Studieninitiative GENARI (Ge rman N eoadjuvant Ar omasin I nitiative) ins Leben gerufen worden. Zielsetzung von GENARI ist es zunächst zu prüfen,
inwieweit eine präoperative Behandlung mit Exemestan durch gleichzeitige wöchentliche
Gabe von Epirubicin oder Docetaxel/Paclitaxel zu verbessern ist. Sollten sich die
Kombinationstherapien als wirksam und verträglich erweisen, wird die wirksamste und
am besten verträgliche Kombination in einer Folgestudie mit einer präoperativen Standardtherapie
verglichen.
Abstract
Preoperative chemotherapy of primary breast cancer is mainly aimed at the reduction
of tumor volume and size, a goal that is frequently referred to as downstaging of
the tumor and in vivo chemosensitivity testing. While increasing the chance of breast
conserving surgery, a therapeutic goal of foremost importance especially for younger
women, the tumor response observed after preoperative chemotherapy provides critical
information for a more individualized postoperative treatment. These advantages are
based on the findings from various studies that investigated the potential benefits
of preoperative treatment and compared them to the advantages of conventional postoperative
treatment. Given the superiority of preoperative polychemotherapy compared to endocrine
treatment the acceptance of the latter is normally poor. The authors, however, believe
that direct comparison between cytotoxic and hormonal preoperative treatment irrespective
of the differences between the studies is obsolete. Thus in order to further explore
the potential of preoperative exemestane, the Ge rman N eoadjuvant Ar omasin I nitiative (GENARI) has been launched. GENARI first of all focuses on the question
to what extent the efficacy of preoperative exemestane can be improved by simultaneous
administration of weekly epirubicin and docetaxel/paclitaxel. Provided that this approach
turns out to be significantly more effective than preoperative monotherapy with exemestane,
the most effective and also best tolerated combination will subsequently be compared
to a standard preoperative chemotherapy.
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Dr. med. Christopher Wolf
Frauenklinik vom Roten Kreuz
Taxisstraße 3
80637 München
Email: christopher.wolf@swmbrk.de