Zusammenfassung
Mehr als die Hälfte aller Patienten mit kolorektalem Karzinom wird durch die tumorinduzierte
Anämie und den perioperativen Blutverlust transfusionsbedürftig. Obwohl bisher der
kausale Mechanismus nicht bekannt ist, gilt die fremdblutassoziierte Immunsuppression
experimentell und klinisch als bewiesen. Eine Erhöhung der postoperativen Infektionsrate
durch die Transfusion wird übereinstimmend bejaht, die Beeinträchtigung der Tumorprognose
sowie eine erhöhte Rezidivrate jedoch kontrovers diskutiert. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit
wurde die Literatur zum gesamten Themenkomplex zusammengetragen und analysiert. Die
überwiegend retrospektiven Daten lassen derzeit keine definitive Beurteilung der klinischen
Auswirkungen des negativen Transfusionseffektes zu. Dennoch sollte der Risikofaktor
Bluttransfusion möglichst vermieden werden.
Abstract
More than half of all patients with colorectal cancer need blood transfusion because
of tumor induced anemia or perioperative blood loss. Transfusion associated immunosuppression
is a well known phenomenon although underlying mechanism is still not understood.
Whereas in most studies concerning postoperative infection rate allogeneic blood transfusion
had been an independent risk factor, controversial data have been published regarding
the influence on colorectal cancer prognosis and tumor recurrence. The review analyzed
the literature currently available. Clinical consequences of mainly retrospective
surveys remain unclear. Therefore we suggest to avoid homologous blood transfusion
wherever possible.
Schlüsselwörter
Anämie - Bluttransfusion - kolorektales Karzinom - postoperative Infektionsrate -
Tumorprognose
Key words
Tumor induced anemia - Blood transfusion - Colorectal cancer - Postoperative infection
rate - Cancer prognosis
Literatur
- 1
Hansen E, Taeger K, Hofstädter F.
Die Retransfusion von Wundblut bei Tumorpatienten.
Dtsch Ärzteblatt.
1999;
41
B2097-2102
- 2
Messmer K.
Roundtable of Experts in Surgery Blood Management-Consensus Statement.
Infusionsther Transfusionmed.
1996;
23
143-146
- 3
Kettelhack C, Hoenes C, Messinger D, Schlag P M.
Randomized multicentre trial of the influence of recombinant human erythropoietin
on intraoperative and postoperative transfusion need in anaemic patients undergoing
right hemicolectomy for carcinoma.
Br J Surg.
1998;
85
63-67
- 4
Geissmann D, Laffer U, Maibach R, Metzger U. SAKK .
Transfusionsverhalten bei kurativ operierten Patienten mit kolorektalen Karzinomen.
Zentralbl Chir.
2000;
125
847-851
- 5
Harder F, Laffer U, Berres M, Jäggi P, Metzger U. SAKK .
Nach kurativer Resektion colorectaler Carcinome wirkt die portale Chemotherapie vor
allem beim nicht-transfundierten Patienten.
Chirurg.
1990;
61
280-285
- 6
Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK) .
Association between blood transfusion and survival in a randomised multicentre trial
of perioperative adjuvant portal chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer.
Eur J Surg.
1997;
163
693-701
- 7
Nicholls M D, Whyte G.
Red cell, plasma and albumin transfusion decision triggers.
Anaesth Intens Care.
1993;
21
156-162
- 8
Hallissey M T, Crowson M C, Kiff R S, Kingston R D, Fielding J W.
Blood transfusion: an overused resource in colorectal cancer surgery.
Ann R Coll Surg Engl.
1992;
74
59-62
- 9
American College of Physicians .
Practice strategies for elective red blood cell transfusion.
Ann Intern Med.
1991;
116
403-406
- 10
Standards for Blood Banks and Transfusion Services .
Prepared by Committee on Standards.
American Association of Blood Banks.
1993;
15
35-38
- 11 Sirchia G, Giovanetti A M. et al .Safe and good use of blood in surgery (SANGUIS).
Use of blood products and artificial colloids in 43 European hospitals. Luxemburg:
European Commission 1994
- 12
Houston F, Foster J B, Chong A. et al .
Transmissioin of BSE by blood transfusion in sheep.
Lancet.
2000;
356
999-1000
- 13 Dodd R Y.
Adverse consequences of blood transfusion: quantitative risk estimates. Nance ST ed Blood supply: risks, perceptions and prospects for the future. Bethesda:
American Association of Blood Banks 1994: 1-24
- 14
Taleghani M, Reith H B, Wiebecke D, Thiede A.
Hämotherapie in der operativen Medizin.
Zentralbl Chir.
1999;
4
W27-41
- 15
Opelz G, Sengar D PS, Mickey M R, Terasaki P I.
Effect of blood transfusions on subsequent kidney transplants.
Transplant Proc.
1973;
5
253-259
- 16
Opelz G, Terasaki P I.
Improvement of kidney-graft survival with increased numbers of transfusions.
N Engl J Med.
1978;
299
799-803
- 17
Heiss M M, Delanoff C.
Immunmodulatorische Wirkung der Bluttransfusion und Einfluss auf Infektionsrate und
Tumorrezidiv.
Infusionsther Transfusionmed.
1997;
24
20-31
- 18
Houbiers J G, van de Velde C J, van de Watering L M, Hermans J, Schreuder S, Bijnen A B,
Pahlplatz P, Schattenkerk M E, Wobbes T, de Vries J E, Klementschitsch P, van de Maas A H,
Brand A.
Transfusion of red cells in associated with increased incidence of bacterial infection
after colorectal surgery: a prospective study.
Transfusion.
1997;
37
126-134
- 19
Schricker K T, Hermanek P, Guggenmoos-Holzmann I, Neidhardt B, Resch T, Freudenberger K.
Verschlechterung des Überlebens bei kolorektalem Karzinom. Überraschende Ergebnisse
einer Multivarianzanalyse.
Beitr Infusionsther.
1990;
26
307-312
- 20
Marsh J, Donnan P T, Hamer-Hodges D W.
Association between transfusion with plasma and the recurrence of colorectal carcinoma.
Br J Surg.
1990;
77
623-626
- 21
Blajchman M A, Bordin J O.
Mechanisms of transfusion-associated immunosuppression.
Curr Opin Hematol.
1994;
1
457-461
- 22
Waymack J P, Alexander J W.
Blood transfusion as an immunomodulator: a review.
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis.
1986;
9
177-183
- 23
Blumberg N, Heal J M.
Transfusion and recipient immune function.
Arch Pathol Lab Med.
1989;
113
246-253
- 24
Roth J A, Golub S H, Grimm E A, Eilber F R, Morton D L.
Effects of operation on immune response in cancer patients: sequential evaluation
of in vitro lymphocyte function.
Surgery.
1976;
79
46-51
- 25
Hunt P S, Trotter S.
Lymphocyte response after surgery and blood transfusion.
J Surg Res.
1976;
21
57-64
- 26
Peller S, Sayfan J, Levy Y, Oland J, Yona R, Kaufman S, Orda R.
Immunological profile changes following perioperative autologous vs. homologous blood
transfusion in oncologic patients.
J Surg Oncol.
1994;
56
98-101
- 27
Brivio F, Lissoni P, Redaelli R, Maggioni A, Rovelli F, Rescaldani R, Borin F, Erba L,
Alderi G.
Influence of blood transfusions on surgery-induced immune changes in colorectal carcinoma.
Miner Chir.
1993;
48
331-335
- 28
Tartter P I, Steinberg B, Barron D, Martinelli G.
Transfusion History, T Cell subsets and Natural killer cytotoxicity in Patients with
colorectal cancer.
Vox Sang.
1989;
56
80-84
- 29
Jensen L S, Andersen A J, Christiansen P M. et al .
Post-operative infection and natural killer cell function following blood transfusion
in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery.
Br J Surg.
1992;
79
513-516
- 30
Ishijima N, Suzuki H.
Blood transfusion and postoperative serum interleukin-6 levels in colorectal cancer
patients.
Hepato-Gastroenterol.
1998;
45
1011-1013
- 31
Ziv Y, Shohat B, Gelerenter I, Wolloch Y.
The influence of perioperative transfusions on the immunological profile of patients
with colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Panminerva Med.
1992;
34
4-12
- 32
Mathiesen O, Lund L, Brodthagen U, Gandrup P, Grunnet N, Balslev I, Jersild C.
The effect of previous blood transfusion on lymphocyte subsets and natural killer
cell function in patients with colorectal cancer.
Vox Sang.
1994;
67
36-41
- 33
Gantt C L.
Red blood cells for cancer patients (letter).
Lancet.
1981;
ii
363
- 34
van de Watering L MG. et al .
Beneficial effects of leukocyte depletion of transfused blood on postoperative complications
in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Circulation.
1998;
97
562-568
- 35
Tartter P I, Quintero S, Barron D M.
Perioperative Blood transfusion associated with infectious complications after colorectal
cancer operations.
Am J Surg.
1986;
152
479-482
- 36
Duffy G, Neal K R.
Differences in post-operative infection rates between patients receiving autologous
and allogeneic blood transfusion - a meta-analysis of published randomized and nonrandomized
studies.
Transfus Med.
1996;
6
325-328
- 37
Tartter P I.
Blood transfusion and infectious complications following colorectal cancer surgery.
Br J Surg.
1988;
75
789-792
- 38
Chiarugi M, Buccianti P, di Sarli M, Galatioto C, Goletti O, Cavina E.
Association between perioperative blood transfusion and dehiscence of anastomosis
after rectal resection for cancer.
Acta Chir Belg.
1996;
96
108-111
- 39
Ford C D, VanMoorleghem G, Menlove R L.
Blood transfusions and postoperative wound infection.
Surgery.
1993;
113
603-607
- 40
Vignali A, Braga M, Gianotti L, Radaelli G, Gentilini O, Russo A, di Carlo V.
A single unit of transfused allogeneic blood increases postoperative infections.
Vox Sang.
1996;
71
170-175
- 41
Jaberth A V, Lee E T, Hersch E M, McBride C M.
Effects of surgery, anesthesia and intraoperative blood loss on immunocompetence.
J Surg Res.
1973;
15
399-403
- 42
Heald R J, Ryall R D.
Recurrence and survival after total mesorectal excision after rectal cancer.
Lancet.
1986;
2
1479-1482
- 43
Vamvakas E C, Carven J H.
Transfusion of white-cell containing allogeneic blood components and postoperative
wound infection: effect of confounding factors.
Transfusion Med.
1998;
8
29-36
- 44
Vamvakas E C, Carven J H, Hibberd P L.
Blood Transfusion and infection after colorectal cancer surgery.
Transfusion.
1996;
36
1000-1008
- 45
Jensen L S, Hokland M, Nielsen H J.
A randomized controlled study of the effect of bedside leucocyte depletion on the
immunosuppressive effect of whole blood transfusion in patients undergoing elective
colorectal surgery.
Br J Surg.
1996;
83
973-977
- 46
Jensen L S, Kissmeyer-Nielsen P, Wolff B, Qvist N.
Randomised comparison of leucocyte-depleted versus buffy-coat-poor blood transfusion
and complications after colorectal surgery.
Lancet.
1996;
348
841-845
- 47
Heiss M M, Mempel W, Jauch K W, Delanoff C, Mayer G, Mempel M, Eissner H J, Schildberg F W.
Beneficial effect of autologous blood transfusion on infectious complications after
colorectal cancer surgery.
Lancet.
1993;
342
1328-1333
- 48
Heiss M M, Mempel W, Delanoff C, Mempel M, Jauch K W, Schildberg F W.
Klinische Auswirkungen der mit einer Bluttransfusion assoziierten Immunmodulation
auf das Ergebnis der Tumoroperation.
Infusionsther Transfusionsmed.
1993;
20
(Suppl 2)
25-29
- 49
Jensen L S, Heiss M M, Mempel W, Jauch K W, Schildberg F W, Ross W B, Houbiers J GA,
van de Watering L MG, Verwey P JM, van de Velde C JH, Brand A.
Leucocyte-depleted or buffy-coat-depleted blood in surgery for colorectal cancer.
Lancet.
1994;
344
1429-1431
- 50
Houbiers J G, Brand A, van de Watering L M, Hermans J, Verwey P J, Bijnen A B, Pahlplatz P,
Eeftinck S chattenkerk, Wobbes T, de Vries J E.
Randomised controlled trial comparing transfusion of leucocyte-depleted or buffy-coat-depleted
blood in surgery for colorectal cancer.
Lancet.
1994;
344
573-578
- 51
Busch O RC, Hop W CI, van Papendrecht M AV, Marquet R L, Jeekel J.
Blood transfusions and prognosis in colorectal cancer.
N Engl J Med.
1993;
328
1372-1376
- 52
Vignali A, Braga M, Dionigi P, Radaelli G, Gentilini O, Bellini A, Jemos V, di Carlo V.
Impact of a programme of autologous blood donation on the incidence of infection in
patients with colorectal cancer.
Eur J Surg.
1995;
161
487-492
- 53
Parrot N R, Lennard T W, Taylor R M, Proud G, Shenton B K, Johnston I D.
Effects of perioperative blood transfusion on recurrence of colorectal cancer.
Br J Surg.
1986;
73
970-973
- 54
Burrows L, Tartter P, Aufses A.
Increased recurrence rates in perioperatively transfused colorectal malignancy patients.
Cancer Detect Prev.
1987;
10
361-369
- 55
Creasy T S, Veitch P S, Bell P R.
A relationship between perioperative blood transfusion and recurrence of carcinoma
of the sigmoid colon following potentially curative surgery.
Ann R Coll Surg Engl.
1987;
69
100-103
- 56
Beynon J, Davies P W, Billings P J. et al .
Perioperative blood transfusion increases the risk of recurrence in colorectal cancer.
Dis Colon Rectum.
1989;
29
975-979
- 57
Mecklin J P, Jarvinen J H, Ovaska J T.
Blood transfusion and prognosis in colorectal carcinoma.
Scand J Gastroenterol.
1989;
24
33-39
- 58
Wobbes T, Joosen K H, Kuypers H H, Beerthuizen G I, Theeuwes A G.
The effect of packed cells and whole blood transfusions on survival after curative
resection for colorectal carcinoma.
Dis Colon Rectum.
1989;
32
743-748
- 59
Blumberg N, Chuang-Stein C, Heal J M.
The relation-ship of blood transfusion, tumor staging, and cancer recurrence.
Transfusion.
1990;
30
291-294
- 60
Kijems E, Schydlowski P, Sondergaard J O.
The influence of blood transfusions upon the recurrence rate of colorectal cancer.
Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi.
1991;
95
265-268
- 61
Tang R, Wang J Y, Chang-Chien C R, Chen J S, Lin S E, Hong A F.
The asssociation between perioperative blood transfusion and survival of patients
with colorectal cancer.
Cancer.
1993;
72
341-348
- 62
Frankish P D, McNee R K, Alley P G, Woodfield D G.
Relation between cancer of the colon and blood transfusion.
BMJ.
1985;
290
1827
- 63
Francis D M, Judson R T.
Blood transfusion and recurrence of cancer of the colon.
Br J Surg.
1987;
74
26-30
- 64
van Lawick X, Pabst W P, Lagenhorst B L, Mulder P G, Marquet R L, Jeekel J.
Effect of perioperative blood loss and perioperative blood transfusions on colorectal
cancer survival.
Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol.
1988;
24
741-747
- 65
Cheslyn-Curtiss S, Fielding L P, Hittinger R, Fry J S, Phillips R K.
Large bowel cancer: the effect of perioperative blood transfusion on outcome.
Ann R Coll Surg Engl.
1990;
72
53-59
- 66
Edna T H, Bjerkeset T.
Perioperative blood transfusions reduce long-term survival following surgery for colorectal
cancer.
Dis Colon Rectum.
1998;
41
451-459
- 67
The Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research .
Association between blood transfusion and survival in a randomised multicentre trial
of perioperative adjuvant portal chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer.
Eur J Surg.
1997;
163
693-701
- 68
Hermanek P.
Beeinflussen perioperative Bluttransfusionen die Prognose von Patienten mit kolorektalem
Karzinom?.
Strahlenther Onkologie.
1996;
172
283-284
- 69
Blumberg N, Heal J M.
Perioperative blood transfusion and colorectal cancer recurrence.
Transfusion.
1994;
34
450-452
- 70
Leite J F, Granjo M E, Martins M I, Reis R C, Monteiro J C, Castro-Sousa F.
Effect of perioperative blood transfusions on survival of patients after radical surgery
for colorectal cancer.
Int J Colorectal Dis.
1993;
8
129-133
- 71
Jahnson S, Andersson M.
Adverse effects of perioperative blood transfusion in patients with colorectal cancer.
Eur J Surg.
1992;
158
419-425
- 72
Faenza A, Cusolo A, Selleri S, Lucarell S, Farneti P A, Gozzetti G.
Correlation between plasma or blood transfusion and survival after curative surgery
for colorectal cancer.
Int Surg.
1992;
77
264-269
- 73
Tartter P I.
The association of perioperative blood transfusion with colorectal cancer recurrence.
Ann Surg.
1992;
216
633-638
- 74
Zimmermann T, Dobroschke J, Borowek U, Padberg W.
Der Einfluss der perioperativen Fremdblutgabe auf die Prognose des kolorektalen Karzinoms.
Zentralbl Chir.
1991;
116
1125-1138
- 75
Weiden P L.
Do perioperative blood transfusions increase the risk of cancer recurrence?.
Eur J Cancer.
1990;
26
987-989
- 76
Liewald F, Wirsching R P, Zuelke C, Demmel N, Mempel W.
Influence of blood transfusions on tumor recurrence and survival rate in colorectal
carcinoma.
Eur J Cancer.
1990;
26
327-335
- 77
Freiman J A, Chalmers T C, Smith H, Kuebler R R.
The importance of beta, the type II error and sample size in the design and interpretation
of randomized controlled trial.
N Engl J Med.
1978;
299
690-694
- 78
Chung M, Steinmetz O K, Gordon P H.
Perioperative blood transfusion and outcome after resection for colorectal carcinoma.
Br J Surg.
1993;
80
427-432
- 79
Vamvakas E, Moore S B.
Perioperative blood transfusion and colorectal cancer recurrence: a qualitative statistical
overview and meta-analysis.
Transfusion.
1993;
33
754-765
- 80
Vamvakas E C.
Perioperative blood transfusion und cancer recurrence: meta-analysis for explanation.
Transfusion.
1995;
35
760-768
- 81
Amato A C, Pescatori M.
Effect of perioperative blood transfusions on recurrence of colorectal cancer: Meta-analysis
stratified on risk factors.
Dis Colon Rectum.
1998;
41
570-585
- 82
Vamvakas E C.
Transfusion-associated cancer recurrence and postoperative infection: meta-analysis
of randomized, controlled clinical trials.
Transfusion.
1996;
36
175-186
- 83
Busch O RC, Hop W CJ, Marquet R L, Jeekel J.
Prognostic impact of blood transfusions on disease-free survival in colorectal carcinoma.
Scand J Gastroenterol.
1993;
(Suppl)
21-23
- 84
Busch O RC, Hop W CJ, Marquet R L, Jeekel J.
The effect of blood transfusions on survival after surgery for colorectal cancer.
Eur J Cancer.
1995;
31A
1226-1228
- 85
Molland G, Dent O F, Chapuis P H, Bokey E L, Nicholls M, Newland R C.
Transfusion does not influence patient survival after resection of colorectal cancer.
Aust Nz J Surg.
1995;
65
592-595
- 86
Donohue J H, Williams S, Cha S, Windschitl H E, Witzig T E, Nelson H, Fitzgibbons R J,
Wieand H S, Moertel C G.
Peroperative blood transfusions do not affect disease recurrence of patients undergoing
curative resection of colorectal carcinoma: a Mayo/North Central Cancer Treatment
Group study.
J Clin Oncol.
1995;
13
1671-1678
- 87
Busch O R, Hop W C, Marquet R L, Jeekel J.
Blood transfusions and local tumor recurrence in colorectal cancer. Evidence of a
noncausal relationship.
Ann Surg.
1994;
220
791-797
- 88
Steup W H, Hojo K, Moriya Y, Sugihara K, Mizuno S, Hermans J, van de Velde C J.
An analysis on the effect of blood transfusion on recurrence and survival in patients
undergoing extended lymphadenectomy for colorectal cancer.
Hepato-Gastroenterol.
1994;
41
253-259
- 89
Garau I, Benito E, Bosch F X, Bargay J, Obrador A, Santamaria J, Antich J L, Besalduch J,
Rifa J, Teuchmann S.
Blood transfusion has no effect on colorectal cancer survival. A population-based
study.
Eur J Cancer.
1994;
30A
759-764
- 90
Sibbering D M, Locker A P, Hardcactle J D, Armitage N C.
Blood transfusion and survival in colorectal cancer.
Dis Colon Rectum.
1994;
37
358-364
- 91
Ford C D, Gillette J W, Handrahan D L, Koehler C S.
Transfusion and second malignancy.
Transfusion.
1994;
34
63-65
- 92
Sene A, Jeacock J, Robinson C, Walsh S, Kingston R D.
Blood transfusion does not have an adverse effect on survival after operation for
colorectal cancer.
Ann R Coll Surg Engl.
1993;
75
261-266
- 93
Modin S, Karlsson G, Wahlby L.
Blood transfusion and recurrence of colorectal cancer.
Eur J Surg.
1992;
158
371-375
- 94
Bentzen S M, Balslev I, Pedersen M, Teglbjaerg P S, Hanberg-Sorensen F, Bone J, Jacobsen N O,
Sell A, Overgaard J, Bertelsen K. et al .
Blood transfusion and prognosis in Dukes' B and C colorectal cancer.
Eur J Cancer.
1990;
26
457-463
- 95
Jakobsen E B, Eickhoff J H, Andersen J, Lundvall L, Stenderup J K.
Perioperative blood transfusion and recurrence and death after resection for cancer
of the colon and rectum.
Scand J Gastroenterol.
1990;
25
435-442
- 96
McAlister F A, Clark H D, Wells P S, Laupacis A.
Perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion does not cause adverse sequelae in patients
with cancer: A meta-analysis of unconfounded studies.
Br J Surg.
1998;
85
171-178
- 97
Busch O RC, Marquet R L, Hop W CI, Jeekel J.
Colorectal cancer recurrence and perioperative blood transfusions: A critical reappraisal.
Sem Surg Oncol.
1994;
10
195-199
- 98
Heiss M M, Mempel W, Delanoff C, Jauch K W, Gabka C, Mempel M, Dieterich H J, Eissner H J,
Schildberg F W.
Blood transfusion-modulated tumor recurrence: first results of a randomized study
of autologous versus allogeneic blood transfusion in colorectal cancer surgery.
J Clin Oncol.
1994;
12
1859-1867
- 99
Francis D MA.
Relationship between blood transfusion and tumour behaviour.
Br J Surg.
1991;
78
1420-1428
- 100
Nielsen H J.
Detrimental effects of perioperative blood transfusion.
Br J Surg.
1995;
82
582-587
- 101
Singh S K, Marquet R L, de Bruin R WF, Westbroek D L, Jeekel J.
Promotion of tumour growth by blood transfusions.
Transplant Proc.
1987;
19
1473-1474
- 102
Tartter P I, Francis D M.
Blood transfusion and tumor growth.
Transplant Proc.
1988;
20
1108-1111
- 103
Hebert P C. et al .
A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in
critical care.
NEJM.
1999;
340
409-417
- 104
Hogue C W, Goodnough L T, Monk T G.
Perioperative myocardial ischemic episodes are related to hematocrit level in patients
undergoing radical prostatectomy.
Transfusion.
1998;
38
924-993
- 105
Marquet R L, de Bruin R W, Dallinga R, Singh S K, Jeekel J.
Modulation of tumor growth by allogenic blood transfusion.
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol.
1986;
11
50-53
- 106
Singh S K, Marquet R L, de Bruin R W, Hop W C, Westerbroek D L, Jeekel J.
Consequences of blood loss on growth of artificial metastases.
Br J Surg.
1988;
75
377-379
- 107
Francis D M, Shenton B K, Proud G, Taylor R M.
Tumor growth and blood transfusion.
J Exp Clin Cancer Res.
1982;
1
121-126
- 108
Eggermont A M, Stellar E P, Sugarbaker P H.
Laparotomy enhances intraperitoneal tumor growth and abrogates the antitumor effects
of interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells.
Surgery.
1987;
102
71-78
- 109
Bordin J O, Bardossy L, Blajchman M A.
Growth enhancement of established tumors by allogeneic blood transfusion in experimental
animals and its amelioration by leucodepletion.
Blood.
1994;
84
344-348
- 110
de Canniere L, Rosiere A, Michel L A.
Synchronous abdominoperineal resection without transfusion.
Br J Surg.
1993;
80
1194-1195
- 111
Taleghani M, Grossmann R, Reith H B, Wiebecke D, Thiede A.
Fremdblutsparende Maßnahmen in der operativen Medizin.
Zentralbl Chir.
2000;
125
111-122
- 112
Leben J, Schregel W.
Ist perioperative Wärmung wirtschaftlich vertretbar oder ist Nicht-Wärmung heute noch
wirtschaftlich vertretbar?.
J Anästh Intensiv.
2001;
3
171-173
- 113 Siebeck M, Schorr M, Heckl U. et al .Effekt von Aprotinin auf Blutverlust und
Transfusion beim Rektumresektionen. Postersitzung Viszeralchirurgie und Forschung.
Wiss. Referate 77. Tagung Ver. Bayer. Chir 2000
- 114
Lentschener C, Benhamou D, Mercier F J. et al .
Aprotinin reduces blood loss in patients undergoing elective liver resection.
Anest Analg.
1997;
84
(4)
875-881
- 115
Porte R J, Molenaar I Q, Begliomini B. et al .
Aprotinin and transfusion requirements in orthotopic liver transplantation: a multicentre
randomised double-blind study. EMSALT Study Group.
Lancet.
2000;
355
(9212)
1303-1309
- 116
Hedner U.
Recombinant activated factor VIIa as a universal haemostatic agent.
Blood Coag Fibrinol.
1998;
9
(Suppl 1)
147-152
- 117
Ehrenforth S.
Therapeutic potential of recombinant activated factor VII in intensive care medicine.
J Anästh Intensiv.
2001;
3
110-112
- 118
Larocque B J, Gilbert K, Brien W F.
A point score system for predicting the likelihood of blood transfusion after hip
or knee arthroplasty.
Transfusion.
1997;
37
463-467
- 119 Hansen E, Altmeppen J, Taeger K.
Autologous haemotherapy in malignant diseases. Clinical anaesthesiology: Blood, blood products and blood saving techniques. Kretschmer
V, Blauhut B (eds). 1997 6: 335-350
- 120
Mac Douglas N.
The patient's blood is the safest blood.
N Engl J Med.
1987;
316
542-544
- 121
Mempel W, Lehr L.
Präoperative Eigenblutspende und -bereitstellung.
Chiurg.
1994;
65
1075-1079
- 122
Bormann von B, Aulich S.
Autologe Transfusionsverfahren: Nutzen und Risiko.
Dtsch Ärzteblatt.
1993;
90
2912-2918
- 123
Jaffray B.
Predeposit autologous blood transfusion in patients with colorectal cancer: a feasibility
study.
Br J Surg.
1992;
79
977
- 124
Hoynck von X, Papendrecht M A, Hop W, Langenhorst B L, Kothe F C, Marquet R L, Jeekel J.
Feasibility of a predeposit autologous blood donation program in colorectal cancer
patients: Results from a randomized clinical study.
Vox Sang.
1992;
62
102-107
- 125
Harrison S, Steele R JC, Johnson A K. et al .
Predeposit autologous blood transfusion in patients with colorectal cancer: a feasibility
study.
Br J Surg.
1992;
79
355-357
- 126
Linden J V, Wagner K, Voytovich A E, Sheehan J.
Transfusion errors in New York State: an analysis of 10 years' experience.
Transfusion.
2000;
40
1207-1213
- 127
Popovsky M A, Whitaker B, Arnold N L.
Severe outcomes of allogeneic and autologous blood donation frequency and characterization.
Transfusion.
1995;
35
734-737
- 128 Blutmanagement in der Chirurgie. Symposium St. Barbara Hospital Gladbeck
- 129
Kiesewetter H, Jung F, Koscielny J, Pindur G, Wenzel E.
Qualitätssicherung bei der Eigenblutentnahme von kritisch Kranken.
Beitr Infusionsther.
1993;
31
202-208
- 130
Heiss M M, Fraunberger P, Delanoff C, Stets R, Allgayer H, Stroehlein M A, Tarabichi A,
Faist E, Jauch K W, Schildberg F W.
Modulation of immune response by blood transfusion: evidence for a differential effect
of allogeneic and autologous blood in colorectal cancer surgery.
Shock.
1997;
8
402-408
- 131
Heiss M M, Fasol-Merten K, Allgayer H, Stroehlein M A, Tarabichi A, Wallner S, Eissner H I,
Jauch K W, Schildberg F W.
Influence of autologous versus allogeneic blood transfusion on natural killer and
lymphokine-activated killer cell activities in cancer surgery.
Vox Sang.
1997;
73
237-245
- 132
AuBuchon J P, Birkmeyer J D.
Controversies in transfusion medicine.
Is autologous blood transfusion worth the cost? Transfusion.
1994;
34
79-83
- 133
Goldfinger D, Haimowitz M.
Controversies in transfusion medicine. Is autologous blood transfusion worth the cost?.
Transfusion.
1994;
34
75-78
- 134
Etchason J, Petz L, Keeler E. et al .
The cost effectiveness of preoperative autologous blood donations.
N Engl J Med.
1995;
332
719-724
- 135
Birkmeyer J D, AuBuchon J P, Littenberg B. et al .
Cost-effectiveness of preoperative autologous donation in coronary artery bypass grafting.
Ann Thorac Surg.
1994;
57
161-168
- 136
Birkmeyer J D, Goodnough L T, AuBuchon J P, Littenberg B. et al .
The cost-effectiveness of preoperative autologous blood donation for total hip and
knee replacement.
Transfusion.
1993;
33
544-551
- 137
Lane T A.
The effect of storage on the metastatic potential of tumor cells collected in autologous
blood.
Transfusion.
1989;
29
418-420
- 138
Mynster T, Nielsen H J.
The impact of storage time of transfused blood on postoperative infectious complications
in rectal cancer surgery.
Scand J Gastroenterol.
2000;
35
212-217
- 139
Marquet R L, Busch O R, Jeekel J, Heiss M M, Amato A C.
Are allogeneic blood transfusions acceptable in elective surgery in colorectal carcinoma?.
Eur J Cancer.
1999;
35
352-360
- 140
Edna T H, Bjerkeset T.
Association between transfusion of stored blood and infective bacterial complications
after resection for colorectal cancer.
Eur J Surg.
1998;
164
449-456
- 141
Hoh H, Umpleby H, Cooper A, Taylor I.
Recurrence of colorectal cancer and perioperative blood transfusion. Is blood storage
time important?.
Dis Colon Rectum.
1990;
33
127-130
- 142
Sibrowski W, Cassens U.
Einfluss von Lagerung und Konservierung auf die Qualität von Blutzellen.
Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther.
1998;
33
673-675
- 143
Blajchman M A.
Immunomodulatory effects of allogeneic blood transfusions: clinical manifestations
and mechanisms.
Vox Sang.
1998;
74
(Suppl 2)
315-319
- 144 Richtlinien zur Gewinnung von Blut und Blutbestandteilen und zur Anwendung von
Blutprodukten Hämotherapie. Neu bearbeitete Fassung. Deutscher Ärzte-Verlag Köln 2000
- 145 Prionen-Forschung und -Diagnostik. Vom BSE-Schnelltest bis zum Nachweis von Prionen
im Blut. Dtsch Ärzteblatt 2000 49: B2786-2788
- 146
Turner M L, McClelland D BL.
The role of r-HuEPO in surgical transfusion practice.
Erythropoiesis.
1995;
6
107-113
- 147 Henry D H.
Recombinant human erythropoietin in the treatment of the anemia associated with solid
tumors. Bauer C, Koch KM et al Epo-molecular physiology and clinical applications. NY, Marcel
Dekker 1994: 293ff
- 148
Heiss M M, Tarabichi A, Allgayer H, Jauch K W, Mempel W, Schildberg F W, Messmer K.
Perisurgical erythropoietin application in anemic patients with colorectal cancer:
a double-blind randomized study.
Surgery.
1996;
5
523-527
- 149
Eckardt K U.
Erythropoietin: Karriere eines Hormons.
Dtsch Ärzteblatt.
1998;
6
B245-250
- 150 Rationale für den Einsatz von Erythropoetin in der Tumortherapie. Beilage in „Der
Onkologe” 2000 6
8
- 151 Erythropoietin in der Tumortherapie. Beilage in „Der Onkologe” 1999 5
2
- 152 Erythropoietin - neue Aspekte für die Tumortherapie. Beilage in „Der Onkologe”
1999 5
6
- 153 Die Bedeutung von Epoetin alfa bei der Behandlung operativer Blutverluste. Expertenmeeting
in Wien 7. .4..1995
- 154
Goodnough L T, Skikne B, Brugnara C.
Erythropoietin, iron, and erythropoiesis.
Blood.
2000;
96
823-833
- 155 Scigalla P, Franke W, Messinger D. Rationale für die Eigenblutspende in der elektiven
Chirurgie mit oder ohne Einsatz von rekombinanten, humanem Erythropoietin in Innovative
Aspekte der klinischen Medizin. Springer 1994 3
- 156 Die Rolle von rhErythropoietin im Rahmen fremdblutsparender Methoden. Beilage
in „Der Chirurg” 1994 65
4
- 157
Rau B, Schlag P M, Willeke F, Herfarth C, Stephan P, Franke W.
Increased autologous blood donation in rectal cancer by recombinant human erythropoietin.
Eur J Cancer.
1998;
34
992-998
- 158
Jeekel J.
Autologous blood donation and epoetin alfa in cancer surgery.
Semin Hematol.
1996;
33
(2 Suppl 2)
43-46, discussion 47
- 159 Ludwig H, Fritz E. Pathogenese und Therapie der therapie- und tumorbedingten Anämie. Kompendium
Internistische Onkologie, Springer 1996: 1118-1127
- 160
Ludwig H, Fritz E, Leitgeb C, Krainer M, Kührer I, Sagaster P, Umek H.
Erythropoietin treatment for chronic anemia of selected hematological malignancies
and solid tumors.
Ann Oncol.
1993;
4
61-167
- 161
Cazzola M, Mercuriali F, Brugnara C.
Use of recombinant erythropoietin outside the setting of uremia.
Blood.
1997;
89
4248-4267
- 162
Levine E A, Laborde C, Hambrick E. et al .
Influence of Erythropoietin on Transfusion Requirements in Patients Receiving Preoperative
Chemoradiotherapy for Rectal Cancer.
Dis Colon Rectum.
1999;
42
1065-1071
- 163
Glaser G, Millesi W, Wanschitz F, Schüll B, Lang S, Leitha T, Kornek G V.
R-HuErythropoietin treatment increases efficacy of neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy and
improves cancer free survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol.
1999;
18
399a
- 164
Hoeckel M, Schlenger K, Aral B, Mitze M, Schäffer U, Vaupel P.
Association between tumor hypoxia and malignant progression in advanced cancer of
the uterine cervix.
Cancer Res.
1996;
56
4509-4515
- 165
Henke M, Guttenberger R.
Erythropoietin in Radiation Oncology - A Review.
Oncology.
2000;
58
175-182
- 166 Die Bedeutung erhöhter Hämoglobinspiegel für Tumoroxygenierung, Radiotherapie
und Prognose. Beilage in „Der Onkologe” 1998 4
3
- 167
Glimelius B, Linné T, Hoffmann K. et al .
Epoetin Beta in the Treatment of Anemia in Patients With Advanced Gastrointestinal
Cancer.
J Clin Oncol.
1998;
16
434-440
- 168 Nowrousian M R. Behandlung der tumor- oder chemotherapiebedingten Anämie mit Erythropoietin. Remission
2-99
- 169 Westphal G. et al .
Experimental data concerning safety profile of rhEpo in the treatment of cancer patients. Smith JF, Boogaerts MA and Ehmer BRM (eds) rh Erythropoietin in Cancer Supportive
Treatment. 1996: 149-158
- 170
Sowade B. et al .
The safety of treatment with recombinant humanerythropoietin in clinical use: A review
of controlled studies.
Int J Mol Med.
1998;
1
303-314
- 171
Weisbach V, Eckstein R.
Eisenhaushalt und präoperative Eigenblutspende.
Infusionsther Transfusionsmed.
1996;
23
161-170
- 172
Habler O, Kleen M, Meßmer K.
Künstliche Sauerstoffträger. Alternativen zur Fremdbluttransfusion?.
Zentralbl Chir.
1999;
124
260-270
Dr. K. Pfister
Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik der Universität Regensburg
Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11
93053 Regensburg
Phone: 0941-9446801
Fax: 0941-9446802
Email: Karin.pfister@Klinik.uni-regensburg.de
