Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung: Große Prostatadrüsen werden bisher traditionell durch offene Adenomenukleation operiert,
trotz relativ großem Blutverlust und langer Liegezeit. Eine prospektive Studie sollte
herausfinden, ob die transurethrale Holmium-Laser-Enukleation der Prostata (HoLEP)
eine erfolgreiche endoskopische Therapieoption für große Drüsen darstellt. Material und Methode: In den letzten 4 Jahren wurde an der Urologischen Klinik des Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum
Berlin bei über 500 Patienten eine Holmium-Laser-Operation der Prostata durchgeführt.
75 Patienten zeigten präoperativ im transrektalen Ultraschall (TRUS) eine Prostata
von mehr als 100 g. Alle Patienten litten unter einer urodynamisch nachgewiesenen
Obstruktion des Blasenauslasses. Zur HoLEP wurden Hochleistungslaser (80 W oder 100
W), 550 nm flexible Kontaktlaserfasern und ein spezielles 26 Charr.-Dauerspül-Resektoskop
verwendet. Die Prostatalappen wurden retrograd vom Colliculus seminalis zur Blase
auf Niveau der chirurgischen Kapsel abgetragen. American Urological Association (AUA)
Symptom Scores, maximale Harnflussraten und Restharnvolumina, Kontinenz, Potenz und
Komplikationen wurden präoperativ und postoperativ in regelmäßigen Abständen ermittelt.
Ergebnisse: Das mittlere präoperative Gewicht (TRUS) betrug 114,1 ± 20,7 (100 - 230) g, das mittlere
gemessene Resektionsgewicht 87,9 ± 26,0 (52 - 200) g, das mittlere geschätzte Resektionsgewicht
(gemessenes Resektat + 10 % als Ausgleich für die Gewebevaporisation, die während
HoLEP auftritt) 96,7 ± 28,6 (57 - 220) g, die mittlere Operationszeit 133,8 ± 31,7
(78 - 216) min., der mittlere Blutverlust 1,9 ± 1,3 (0 - 6,5) g/dl, die mediane postoperative
Katheterzeit 1 Tag und der mediane postoperative Krankenhausaufenthalt 2 Tage. AUA
Symptom Scores, maximale Harnflussraten und Restharnmengen verbesserten sich postoperativ
sofort, signifikant und anhaltend. 6 Patienten (8 %) mussten reoperiert werden. Kein
Patient benötigte Blutkonserven. Kein Patient verstarb perioperativ. Schlussfolgerung: HoLEP scheint eine sehr effektive und sichere endoskopische Alternative zur offenen
Adenomenukleation zu sein. Der Blutverlust ist minimal und die Komplikationsrate niedrig.
Postoperative Katheter- und stationäre Krankenhausbehandlung sind erheblich kürzer
als bei der offen-chirurgischen Adenomenukleation.
Abstract
Purpose: Large prostate glands have traditionally been treated by open prostatectomy. This
prospective study was designed to determine whether transurethral holmium laser enucleation
of the prostate (HoLEP) could be a successful endourological alternative. Materials and Methods: At the Department of Urology, Auguste-Viktoria-Hospital, Berlin, more than 500 patients
underwent HoLEP during the last 4 years. Of all patients, 75 had prostate glands larger
than 100 g on transrectal ultrasound (TRUS). All patients were urodynamically obstructed.
HoLEP was performed with high power lasers (80 W or 100 W), 550 nm flexible laser
fibers and a specially designed 26 F continuous flow resectoscope. The prostatic lobes
were enucleated in a retrograde fashion from the verumontanum towards the bladder,
on the level of the surgical capsule. American Urological Association (AUA) symptoms
scores, peak urinary flow rates and post-void residual volumes, continence and potency
were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively, while complications were recorded
at regular intervals. Results: The mean prostate weight was 114.1 ± 20.7 (100 - 230) g, the mean measured resected
weight 87.9 ± 26.0 (52 - 200) g, the mean estimated resected tissue (measured tissue
+ 10 % as compensation for tissue vaporisation during HoLEP) 96.7 ± 28.6 (57 - 220)
g, mean operation time 133.8 ± 31.7 (78 - 216) min, mean blood loss 1.9 ± 1.3 (0 -
6.5) g/dl, and median postoperative catheter time and hospital stay were 1 and 2 days,
respectively. Postoperative improvement of AUA symptoms scores, peak urinary flow
rates and post-void residual volumes was significant, immediate and lasting. 6 patients
(8 %) required reintervention. None of the patients needed blood transfusions. There
was no perioperative mortality. Conclusions: Transurethral HoLEP appears to be a highly effective and safe endoscopic alternative
to open prostatectomy. Blood loss is minimal, and the complication rate low. Postoperative
catheter time and hospital stay are much shorter than for open prostatectomy.
Schlüsselwörter
Holmium - Laser - Prostata - benigne prostatische Hyperplasie - Prostatectomie - Endourologie
Key words
holmium - lasers - prostate - benign prostatic hyperplasia - prostatectomy - endourology
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R. M. Kuntz
Urologische Klinik, Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum
Rubensstr. 125
12157 Berlin
Phone: 030/79032437
Fax: 030/79032031