Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the study was to
evaluate the outcome of fetal ovarian cysts in relation to their size and
ultrasonic appearance. Methods: We retrospectively
analysed pre- and postnatal charts of 61 infants with a prenatal diagnosis of
ovarian cysts between 1991 and 2000. Results: In a total
of 61 fetuses 65 ovarian cysts were detected by transabdominal ultrasound: 35
(57 %) cysts on the left side, 22 (36 %) on the
right side and 4 fetuses (7 %) had bilateral cysts. Three
patients with uncomplicated cysts were lost to follow-up and one fetus with
bilateral cysts died in the 27th week of gestation. In 17 cysts treatment was
necessary. 14 cysts (all complicated) were operated after delivery because of
persistence or enlargement. The histological results were either follicular or
theca lutein cysts in 12 cases, one lymphangioma and one teratoma. Two cysts
were aspirated in utero and one after delivery. In the remaining 40 fetuses, 43
cysts where only controlled by ultrasound. 8 cysts regressed before delivery
and 35 cysts after delivery independent of their sonographic appearance. The
mean diameter of cysts that required treatment was significantly different from
the mean diameter of cysts that resolved spontaneously (6.8 [SD 2.4] cm vs. 3.3
[SD 0.8] cm; p < 0.01). Conclusion:
Complicated cysts which do not regress should be treated either by laparotomy
or laparoscopically after delivery. Uncomplicated cysts which exceed
5 cm could be treated by in utero aspiration or aspiration after
delivery to avoid further complications. Cysts smaller than 5 cm,
presenting the tendency to regress, should be left untouched independent of
their sonographic appearance.
Zusammenfassung
Einleitung: Das Ziel der Studie war es, das
Outcome pränatal diagnostizierter, fetaler Ovarialzysten im
Verhältnis zu ihrer Größe und sonomorphologischen
Charakteristik zu erheben. Methodik: Retrospektive
Analyse der prä- und postnatalen Krankengeschichten von 61 Kindern im
Zeitraum von 1991-2000, bei denen pränatal eine fetale Ovarialzyste
diagnostiziert wurde. Ergebnisse: Bei 61 Feten wurden
insgesamt 65 Zysten mittels transabdominellem Ultraschall festgestellt. 35
(57 %) Zysten am linken, 22 (36 %) am rechten Ovar
und 4 Feten hatten bilaterale Ovarialzysten. Ein Kind mit bilateralen Zysten
verstarb in utero in der 27. SSW, 3 weitere erschienen nicht mehr zu den
vorgeschriebenen Kontrollen. Bei 17 Zysten war eine Therapie notwendig. 14
komplizierte Zysten wurden nach der Geburt operativ entfernt. In 10 Fällen
wurde eine Torsion festgestellt, bei 2 Zysten eine Einblutung. In zwei
Fällen ergab die histologische Aufarbeitung ein Lymphangiom bzw. ein
Teratom. Zwei unkomplizierte Zysten wurden während der Schwangerschaft
punktiert und eine Zyste nach der Geburt. In den restlichen 40 Feten wurden 43
Zysten mittels Ultraschall kontrolliert. 8 Zysten verschwanden pränatal,
die restlichen 35 postnatal, unabhängig von ihrer sonomorphologischen
Charakteristik. Der mittlere Durchmesser jener Zysten, bei denen eine
therapeutische Intervention notwendig wurde, war signifikant größer
als der mittlere Durchmesser der Zysten die sich spontan zurückbildeten
(6,8 [SD 2,4] cm ver. 3,3 [SD 0,8] cm;
p < 0.01). Schlussfolgerung:
Komplizierte Zysten, die sich nicht spontan zurückbilden, sollten
chirurgisch entfernt werden. Unkomplizierte Zysten größer als
5 cm sollten in utero oder nach der Geburt punktiert werden, um weitere
Komplikationen zu vermeiden. Zysten kleiner als 5 cm, welche die Tendenz
zeigen sich spontan zurückzubilden, sollten nur sonographisch kontrolliert
werden, unabhängig von ihrer sonographischen Charakteristik.
Key words
Prenatal diagnosis - ultrasound - ovarian cysts - management
Schlüsselwörter
Pränatale Diagnostik - Ultraschall - Ovarialzysten - Management
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C. Mittermayer
University Hospital of Vienna · Department of Obstetrics
and Gynaecology · Division of Prenatal Diagnosis and Therapy
Währinger Gürtel 18-20 · 1090 Vienna ·
Austria ·
Telefon: ++43/1/40400/2996
Fax: ++43/1/40400/2995
eMail: christoph-mittermayer@gyn.akh.magwien.gv.at