Zusammenfassung
Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Untersuchung der Auswirkungen einer im Wechselgebiss
durchgeführten forcierten Gaumennahterweiterung auf die bleibenden Schneidezähne,
bei Nutzung der oberen Milchzähne zur Verankerung. Die Untersuchungsgruppe (Gruppe
A) bestand aus 42 Patienten (21 w, 21 m) mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 8,8 Jahren
am Ende der Retentionsphase. Die Kontrollgruppe setzte sich aus 38 Patienten zusammen
(23 w, 15 m), war durchschnittlich 9,2 Jahre alt und nicht kieferorthopädisch therapiert
worden. Beide Gruppen waren in Hinblick auf Fehlstellungen und Lebensalter gleich.
Bei der verwendeten Apparatur handelte es sich um ein von Haas beschriebenes Expansionsgerät,
das für die Befestigung an Milchzähnen modifiziert wurde. Nach einer aktiven Phase
von durchschnittlich 18 Tagen und einer Aktivierung der Apparatur um 5-8 mm wurden
die Schrauben blockiert und die Geräte verblieben weiterhin für mindestens 10 Monate
zur Retention im Mund. Die bleibenden Zähne wurden keiner aktiven Kraft oder passiven
Retention ausgesetzt. Schließlich wurden Abdrücke genommen und an den Studienmodellen
die folgenden Messwerte erhoben: Abstand der seitlichen bleibenden Schneidezähne,
Abstand der Eckzähne und Irregularitätsindex. In Gruppe A betrug der durchschnittliche
Abstand zwischen den seitlichen bleibenden Schneidezähnen 29,5 ± 2,6 mm und in Gruppe
B 26,3 ± 3,1 mm (p < 0,01). Der Abstand der Eckzähne belief sich in Gruppe A auf
36,7 ± 2,3 mm und in Gruppe B 30,1 ± 3,0 mm (p < 0,01). Der durchschnittliche Irregularitätsindex
betrug in Gruppe A -1,6 ± 2,8 mm und +3,4 ± 3,1 mm in Gruppe B. Die forcierte Gaumennahterweiterung
führte zu einem erhöhten Platzangebot in der Front und erlaubte die spontane Einreihung
der bleibenden Schneidezähne. Am Ende der Retentionsphase hatten die Patienten der
Untersuchungsgruppe daher besser ausgerichtete Schneidezähne als die der Kontrollgruppe.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect on the permanent incisors after
a rapid maxillary expansion performed in the mixed dentition using maxillary deciduous
teeth as anchorage. The experimental group (Group A) was composed of 42 patients
(21 f and 21 m), mean age 8.8 years at the end of retention. The control group (Group
B) was composed of 38 patients (23 f and 15 m), mean age 9.2 years who had no previous
orthodontic treatment; groups were matched by malocclusion and age. The appliance
used in the experimental group was a RPE as described by Haas modified to be anchored
on the maxillary deciduous dentition. After a mean appliance activation period of
18 days for 5-8 mm expansion, the appliance was stabilized and kept in place as retention
for at least 10 months. No active force nor passive retention was applied on the
permanent dentition. Impressions of the dental arches were taken, models were developed,
and the following measurements were performed: permanent maxillary interlateral incisor
width, maxillary intercuspid width and irregularity index. The mean permanent maxillary
interlateral width was 29.5 mm ± 2.6 mm in Group A and 26.3 mm ± 3.1 in Group B
(p < 0.01); the mean intercuspid width was 36.7 ± 2.3 mm in Group A and 30.1 ± 3.0
mm in Group B (p < 0.01); the mean irregularity index was -1.6 mm ± 2.8 mm in Group
A and + 3.4 mm ± 3.1 mm in Group B (p < 0.01). Rapid maxillary expansion produced
more space to allow the spontaneous alignment of the permanent maxillary incisors.
Therefore the permanent maxillary incisors of Group A demonstrated, at the end of
retention phase, a better alignment compared to the untreated group.
Schlüsselwörter
Forcierte Gaumennahterweiterung - Milchzähne als Verankerung
Key words
Rapid maxillary expansion - deciduous teeth as anchorage
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Dr. Mauro Cozzani
Via Vailunga, 37
19125 La Spezia
Phone: +39/01 87/52 35 99
Fax: + 39/01 87/52 33 27
Email: maurocozzani@ libero.it