Zusammenfassung
Blutende Wunden sind im Karatewettkampf keine Seltenheit. Trotzdem ist die Gefahr
einer HIV-Infektion als absolut minimal einzuschätzen. Richtlinien zur Vermeidung
von HIV-Infektionen im Sport werden dargestellt. Diese müssen Sportlern, Kampfrichtern
und Betreuern insbesondere in Kontakt- und Kampfsportarten bekannt sein und regelmäßig
Anwendung finden. Blutende Wunden der Hand durch Zahnkontakt können durch den Einsatz
von Faustschützern vermindert werden.
Abstract
Bleeding facial injuries are not uncommon in competitive karate. Nevertheless, the
risk of an infection with HIV is extremely low. Guidelines about the prevention of
HIV infections are presented. Especially in contact sports and martial arts the athletes,
judges and staff have to recognize and employ these recommendations. Bleeding wounds
of the hands due to contact with the opponents teeth can be minimized by fist padding.
Schlüsselwörter
Karate - Infektion - HIV - AIDS
Key words
Karate - infection - HIV - AIDS
Literatur
1
American Academy of Pediatrics .
Human immunodeficiency virus and other blood-borne viral pathogens in the athletic
setting.
Pediatrics.
1999;
104 (6)
1400-1403
2
The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) and the American Academy
of Sports Medicine (AASM) .
Human immunodeficiency virus and other blood-borne pathogens in sports.
Clin J Sport Med.
1995;
5
199-204
3
Brown L S, Phillips R Y, Brown C L. et al .
HIV/AIDS policies and sports: The National Football League.
Med Sci Sports Exerc.
1994;
26
1420-1421
4
Brown L S, Drotman D P, Chu A. et al .
Bleeding injuries in professional football: estimating the risk for HIV transmission.
Ann Intern Med.
1995;
122
271-274
5
Calabrese L H, LaPerriere A.
Human immunodeficiency virus infection, exercise and athletics.
Sports Med.
1993;
15 (1)
6-13
6
Dorman J M.
Contagious diseases in competetive Sport: What are the risks?.
Journal of American College Health.
2000;
49
105-108
7
Drotman D P.
Professional boxing, bleeding and HIV testing.
JAMA.
1996;
276 (3)
193
8
Feller A A, Flanigan T P.
HIV, infectious diseases and competitive athletics.
Med Health RI.
2000;
83 (2)
56-59
9
Gerberding J L.
Management of occupational exposures to blood-borne viruses.
N Engl J Med.
1995;
332 (7)
444-449
10
Goodman R A, Thacker S B, Solomon S L. et al .
Infectious diseases in competetive sports.
JAMA.
1994;
271 (11)
862-867
11
Ippolito G, Del Poggio P, Arici C. et al .
Transmission of zidovudine-resistant HIV during a bloody fight.
JAMA.
1994;
272 (6)
433-434
12
Johannsen H V, Noerregaard F OH.
Prevention of injury in karate.
Brit J Sports Med.
1988;
22 (3)
113-115
13
Mast E E, Godman R A.
Prevention of infectious disease transmission in sports.
Sports Med.
1997;
24 (1)
1-7
14
McLatchie G R.
Analysis of karate injuries sustained in 295 contests.
Injury.
1976;
8 (2)
132-134
15
Müller-Rath R, Bolte S, Petersen P. et al .
Das Verletzungsmuster im modernen Wettkampfkarate - Eine Studie der WKC-Karate-WM
1999 in Bochum.
Sportverl Sportschad.
2000;
14
20-24
16
O’Farrel N, Tovey S J, Morgan-Capner P.
Transmission of HIV-1 infection after a fight.
Lancet.
1992;
339
246
17
Stricevic M V, Mukund R P, Teruyuki O. et al .
Karate: Historical perspective and injuries sustained in national and international
tournament competitions.
Am J Sports Med.
1983;
11 (5)
320-324
18
Torre D, Sampietro C, Ferraro G. et al .
Transmission of HIV-1 infection via sports injury.
Lancet.
1990;
75
305-306
19
Tuominen R.
Injuries in national karate competitions in Finland.
Scand J Med Sci Sports.
1995;
5
44-48
20
Robert Koch-Institut .
Empfehlungen zur HIV-Postexpositionsprophylaxe.
Epidemiologisches Bulletin.
2002;
30
256-258
21
Robert Koch-Institut .
HIV-Infektionen und AIDS-Erkrankungen in Deutschland. Epidemiologische Daten (Stand
30.6.03).
Epidemiologisches Bulletin.
2003;
Sonderausgabe B
1-16
22 World Health Organization, International Federation of Sports Medicine .Consensus
statement on AIDS in sports. Global Programme on AIDS Genf; 16. Januar 1989
23
Zetaruk M N, Zurakowski D, Violan M A. et al .
Safety recommendations in Shotokan Karate.
Clin J Sports Med.
2000;
10
117-122
Dr. med. Ralf Müller-Rath
Medizinische Kommission der World Karate Confederation (WKC), Orthopädische Klinik,
Universitätsklinikum Aachen
Pauwelsstraße 30
52074 Aachen
Email: rmueller-rath@ukaachen.de