Suchttherapie 2004; 5(3): 132-136
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-813528
Schwerpunktthema

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Traumatische Erlebnisse in der Kindheit und psychiatrische Komorbidität bei erwachsenen männlichen Alkoholkranken: Empirische Untersuchungsergebnisse und ihre klinische Bedeutung

Childhood Trauma and Psychiatric Co-Morbidity in Adult Male Alcoholics: Empirical Findings and Clinial ImplicationsW. Langeland1 , W. van den Brink2 , N. Draijer3
  • 1Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
  • 2Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam
  • 3Department of Psychiatry of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
31 August 2004 (online)

Zusammenfassung

Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags untersuchten wir mögliche Zusammenhänge zwischen traumatischen Erlebnissen in der Kindheit und komorbiden psychischen Störungen, wie sie üblicherweise bei männlichen Alkoholpatienten gefunden werden, die nicht zu Stichproben von Kriegsveteranen gehören. Es werden einerseits Ergebnisse bisheriger Studien im Überblick vorgestellt, zum anderen auch einige neue Ergebnisse unserer eigenen Untersuchungen. Befunde zum Zusammenhang zwischen Traumatisierungen in der Kindheit und Achse-I- bzw. Achse-II-Komorbidität zeigen ein breites Spektrum psychiatrischer Diagnosen bei männlichen Alkoholpatienten, die Viktimisierungserfahrungen in der Kindheit berichten, insbesondere Dysthymie, Angststörungen und Posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen (PTBS). Darüber hinaus deuten die vorhandenen Daten darauf hin, dass elterlicher Alkoholismus, das Miterleben von elterlicher Gewalt sowie physische Misshandlung eine Rolle für die spätere Entwicklung einer antisozialen Persönlichkeitsstörung bei männlichen Alkoholkranken spielen. Die in der klinischen Versorgung Tätigen sollten daher in Bezug auf zusätzliche psychiatrische Störungen bei männlichen Patienten, die wegen Alkoholabhängigkeit zur Behandlung kommen, besonders aufmerksam sein. Diagnostische Probleme und Behandlungsansätze werden diskutiert.

Abstract

In this article we examined possible relations between childhood trauma and diagnostic co-morbidity typically seen in non-veteran male alcoholic patients. In addition to reviewing results of previous studies, we also present some new findings based on our own research. Findings on the relationship between childhood trauma and Axis I and II co-morbidity indicate extensive diagnostic heterogeneity in male alcoholic patients reporting childhood victimization, in particular dysthymia, phobic disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Furthermore, existing data suggest a role for parental alcoholism, witnessing parental violence, and physical abuse in predicting antisocial personality disorder in male alcoholic patients. Clearly, clinicians need to be aware of the presence of trauma and concomitant psychiatric disorders, including PTSD among male patients seeking alcohol addiction treatment. Diagnostic issues as well as treatment approaches are discussed.

Literatur

  • 1 Van der Kolk B A. The complexity of adaptation to trauma. Van der Kolk BA, McFarlane AC, Weisaeth L Traumatic stress. The effects of overwhelming experience on mind, body, and society New York; The Guilford Press 1996: 182-213
  • 2 Langeland W, Hartgers C. Child sexual and physical abuse and alcoholism: A review.  J Stud Alcohol. 1998;  59 336-348
  • 3 Simpson T L, Miller W R. Concomitance between childhood sexual and physical abuse and substance use problems. A review.  Clin Psychol Rev. 2002;  22 27-77
  • 4 Ouimette P, Brown P J. Trauma and substance abuse. Causes, consequences, and treatment of comorbid disorders. Washington, DC; American Psychological Association 2003
  • 5 Ouimette P C, Ahrens C, Moos R H. et al . Posttraumatic stress disorder in substance abuse patients: Relationship to 1-year posttreatment outcomes.  Psychology Addict Behaviors. 1997;  11 34-47
  • 6 Najavits L M, Weiss R D, Shaw S R. The link between substance abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder in women. A research review.  Am J Addict. 1997;  6 273-283
  • 7 Schneider U, Altman A, Baumann M. et al . Comorbid anxiety and affective disorder in alcohol-dependent patients seeking treatment: The first multicenter study in Germany.  Alcohol Alcoholism. 2001;  36 219-223
  • 8 De Bernardo G L, Newcomb M, Toth A. et al . Comorbid psychiatric and alcohol abuse/dependence disorders: Psychosocial stress, abuse, and personal history factors of those in treatment.  J Addict Diseases. 2002;  21 43-59
  • 9 Landheim A S, Bakken K, Vaglum P. Gender differences in the prevalence of symptom disorders and personality disorders among poly-substance abusers and pure alcoholics.  Eur Addict Res. 2003;  9 8-17
  • 10 Verheul R, Hartgers C, Van den Brink W. et al . The effect of sampling, diagnostic criteria and assessment procedures on the observed prevalence of DSM-III-R personality disorders among treated alcoholics.  J Stud Alcohol. 1998;  59 (2) 227-236
  • 11 Langeland W, Van den Brink W, Draijer N. et al . Sensitivity of the Addiction Severity Index physical and sexual assault items: Preliminary findings on gender differences.  Eur Addict Res. 2001;  7 193-197
  • 12 Langeland W, Van den Brink W, Draijer N. Trauma, trauma-related distress, and perceived parental dysfunction: Associations with severity of drinking problems in treated alcoholics.  J Nerv Ment Disease. 2002;  190 337-340
  • 13 Langeland W, Draijer N, Van den Brink W. Trauma and dissociation in treatment-seeking alcoholics: Towards a resolution of inconsistent findings.  Compreh Psychiatry. 2002;  43 195-203
  • 14 Langeland W, Draijer N, Van den Brink W. Assessment of lifetime physical and sexual abuse in treated alcoholics. Validity of the Addiction Severity Index.  Addict Behaviors. 2003;  28 871-881
  • 15 Langeland W, Draijer N, Van den Brink W. Psychiatric comorbidity in treatment-seeking alcoholics: The role of childhood trauma and perceived parental dysfunction.  Alcoholism: Clin Exp Res. 2004;  28 441-447
  • 16 Draijer N. Structured Trauma Interview. Amsterdam; Department of Psychiatry, Vrije University 1989
  • 17 Windle M, Windle R C, Scheidt D M. et al . Physical and sexual abuse and associated mental disorders among alcoholic inpatients.  Am J Psychiatry. 1995;  152 1322-1328
  • 18 Pollock V E, Briere J, Schneider L. et al . Childhood antecedents of antisocial behavior: Parental alcoholism and physical abusiveness.  Am J Psychiatry. 1990;  147 1290-1293
  • 19 Johnson J G, Cohen P, Brown J. et al . Childhood maltreatment increases risk for personality disorders during early adulthood.  Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;  56 600-606
  • 20 Yates W R, Petty F, Brown K. Alcoholism in males with antisocial personality disorder.  Int J Addictions. 1988;  23 999-1010
  • 21 Van der Kolk B A, Fisler R E. Childhood abuse and neglect and loss of self-regulation.  Bull Menninger Clin. 1994;  58 145-168
  • 22 Ford J D, Kidd P. Early childhood trauma and disorders of extreme stress as predictors of treatment outcome with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder.  J Trauma Stress. 1998;  11 743-761
  • 23 Allen J G, Huntoon J, Evans R B. Complexities in complex posttraumatic stress disorder in inpatient women: evidence from cluster analysis of MCMI-II Personality Disorder Scales.  J Pers Assess. 1999;  73 449-471
  • 24 Roth S, Newman E, Pelcovitz D. et al . Complex PTSD in victims exposed to sexual and physical abuse: Results from the DSM-IV field trials for posttraumatic stress disorder.  J Trauma Stress. 1997;  10 539-555
  • 25 Alarcon R D, Glover S G, Deering C G. The cascade model: An alternative to comorbidity in the pathogenesis of posttraumatic stress disorder.  Psychiatry. 1999;  62 114-124
  • 26 Herman J L. Complex PTSD: A syndrome in survivors of prolonged and repeated trauma.  J Trauma Stress. 1992;  5 377-391
  • 27 Carlson E B. Trauma assessments. A clinician’s guide. New York; The Guilford Press 1997
  • 28 Deering C G, Glover S G, Ready D. et al . Unique patterns of comorbidity in posttraumatic stress disorder from different sources of trauma.  Compreh Psychiatry. 1996;  37 336-346
  • 29 Rothbaum B O, Foa E B, Riggs D S. et al . A prospective evaluation of post-traumatic stress disorder in rape victims.  J Trauma Stress. 1992;  5 455-475
  • 30 Orsillo S M, Heimberg R G, Juster H R. et al . Social phobia and PTSD in Vietnam veterans.  J Trauma Stress. 1996;  9 235-252
  • 31 Najavits L M. Seeking Safety: A new psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorder. Ouimette PC, Brown P Trauma and substance abuse: Causes, consequences, and treatment for comorbid disorders Washington, DC; American Psychological Association 2003: 147-169
  • 32 Coffey S F, Dansky B S, Brady K T. Exposure-based, trauma-focused therapy for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder-substance use disorder. Ouimette PC, Brown P Trauma and substance abuse: Causes, consequences, and treatment for comorbid Washington, DC; American Psychological Association 2003: 127-146
  • 33 Chu J A. Rebuilding shattered lives. The responsible treatment for complex posttraumatic and dissociative disorders. New York; John Wiley & Sons 1998

1 Das STI wurde bereits in verschiedenen Forschungsprojekten und in der klinischen Diagnostik eingesetzt. Bislang wurden keine nachteiligen Folgen seiner Anwendung beobachtet. Das Interview wurde vor kurzem ins Deutsche und Französische übersetzt.

2 Körperliche Misshandlung in der Kindheit bei 25 % der ASP-Gruppe und 12 % der Nicht-ASP-Gruppe (p <.10)

3 χ2 = 5,52, p <,05

4 Mutter: χ2 = 8,44, p <,01/Vater:χ2 = 4,08, p <,05

5 ß= 1,73, p <,01

6 p <,10

7 χ2 = 4,45, p <,05

Dr. Willie Langeland

Quartier Mounicat

32190 Bascous

Frankreich

Email: gjwil.langdijk@wanadoo.fr

    >