Zusammenfassung
Auf der Basis neuer Erkenntnisse zur Ätiopathogenese der gastrointestinalen Lymphome
und ihrer histomorphologischen und molekularen Charakterisierung haben sich in den
letzten Jahren wichtige Fortschritte in der Diagnostik und Therapie ergeben. Mit der
WHO-Klassifikation steht eine international akzeptierte Einteilung zur Verfügung.
Wenn auch darin nicht mehr berücksichtigt, so ist doch aus klinischer Sicht eine Differenzierung
in niedrig- und hochmaligne Lymphome sinnvoll, da der histologische Malignitätsgrad
zusammen mit dem Stadium die Therapie bestimmt. Daraus ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit
für eine sorgfältige endoskopisch-bioptische Diagnostik im Sinne des Gastric Mappings
und eines klinischen Stagings, das immer auch den endoskopischen Ultraschall einschließen
sollte. Helicobacter pylori ist der entscheidende kausale Faktor für die gastralen
MALT-Lymphome; für die intestinalen T-Zell-Lymphome stellt die unbehandelte Sprue
einen anerkannten Risikofaktor dar. Das therapeutische Spektrum reicht von der Helicobacter-pylori-Eradikation
bis zu den etablierten onkologischen Modalitäten Chemotherapie, Bestrahlung, Operation
sowie deren kombiniertem Einsatz. Aber auch eine „Watch-and-Wait”-Strategie ist in
bestimmten Situationen (minimale Resterkrankung nach erfolgreicher Helicobacter-pylori-Eradikation
oder fortgeschrittene indolente Lymphome, die keinen kurativen Therapieansatz eröffnen)
durchaus sinnvoll.
Abstract
Based on new insights into aetiology and pathogenesis of gastrointestinal lymphomas
and their histomorphological and molecular characteristics, important progress in
their diagnostics and therapy has been made during recent years. The WHO has established
an internationally accepted classification of gastrointestinal lymphomas. Although
not considered therein, from the clinical point of view a differentiation between
low- and high-grade lymphomas would seem to be helpful as the grade of malignancy
and stage directly determine the therapeutic strategy. Therefore, a thorough endoscopic-bioptic
technique (gastric mapping) and careful clinical staging is necessary. The latter
should always include endoscopic ultrasound. Helicobacter pylori represents the decisive
causal factor for gastric MALT lymphomas while untreated sprue is an established risk
factor for intestinal T cell lymphomas. The therapeutic spectrum ranges from Helicobacter
pylori eradication therapy to the well known oncological modalities, namely chemotherapy,
radiation or surgery and their combined use. However, also a watch-and-wait strategy
may be a good choice in the individual case (minimal residual disease after successful
Helicobacter pylori eradication or disseminated stages of indolent lymphomas not offering
a curative option).
Schlüsselwörter
Gastrointestinale Lymphome - MALT - Pathogenese - Helicobacter pylori - Diagnostik
- Therapie
Key words
Gastrointestinal lymphomas - MALT - pathogenesis - Helicobacter pylori - diagnosis
- therapy
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1 Meinem verehrten klinischen Lehrer Prof. Dr. med. K. Wilms, Medizinische Poliklinik
der Universität Würzburg, zum 65. Geburtstag.
Prof. Dr. med. Wolfgang Fischbach
Medizinische Klinik II, Klinikum Aschaffenburg
Am Hasenkopf
63739 Aschaffenburg
Telefon: ++ 49/60 21-32 30 10
Fax: ++ 49/60 21-32 30 31
eMail: wolfgang.fischbach@klinikum-aschaffenburg.de