Download PDF
Int J Sports Med 2005; 26(5): 356-362
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-821158
Physiology & Biochemistry

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Oxygen Uptake Kinetics During Moderate and Heavy Intensity Exercise in Humans: The Influence of Hypoxia and Training Status

C. Cleuziou1 , S. Perrey2 , A. M. Lecoq3 , R. Candau2 , D. Courteix1 , P. Obert4
  • 1Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Exercice Musculaire, Faculté des Sports et de l'Education Physique, Université d'Orléans, Orléans la Source, France
  • 2EA 2991, UFR STAPS, Université de Montpellier I, Montpellier, France
  • 3Département de Physiologie Respiratoire, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, Orléans, France
  • 4Laboratoire des Adaptations Cardiovasculaires à l'Exercice, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Avignon, Avignon, France
Further Information

Publication History

Accepted after revision: May 10, 2004

Publication Date:
10 September 2004 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

This study examined the influence of moderate hypoxia on the oxygen uptake (V·O2) kinetic response (primary time constant and slow component amplitude) during moderate and heavy cycle exercise in twenty-seven male subjects with various training status. Nine endurance trained (21.5 ± 2.6 yr), nine sprint trained (22.9 ± 5.7 yr), and nine untrained controls (24.0 ± 4.4 yr) completed incremental tests to exhaustion in normoxia (inspired gas concentration or FIO2 = 21 % O2) and hypoxia (FIO2 = 13 % O2) to establish the FIO2-specific ventilatory threshold (VT) and maximal VO2. Subsequently, the subjects performed repeated constant work rate cycling exercises during 7 min at moderate intensity (80 % of FIO2-specific VT) and heavy intensity (midway between the FIO2 specific VT and maximal VO2). Pulmonary gas exchange was measured breath-by-breath during all exercise sessions. For both moderate and heavy intensities, the time constant of the primary VO2 component was significantly (p < 0.05) slowed by ∼ 25 to 30 % in hypoxia compared to normoxia to the same extent in the three groups. Hypoxia produced a more important decrease in the amplitude of the slow component in endurance athletes (- 36 %) than in sprinters (- 30 %) and controls (- 12 %). These results suggest that both primary and slow components of VO2 kinetics during the adjustment to moderate- and heavy-intensity exercise are sensitive to hypoxia while training status tended to modulate partly the slow component amplitude.

Key words

Moderate hypoxia - oxygen uptake kinetics - slow component - training

References

  • 1 Barstow T J. Characterization of V·O2 kinetics during heavy exercise.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1994;  26 1327-1334
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Barstow T J, Jones A M, Nguyen P, Casaburi R. Influence of muscle fiber type and pedal frequency on oxygen uptake kinetics of heavy exercise.  J Appl Physiol. 1996;  81 1642-1650
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Beaver W L, Wasserman K, Whipp B J. A new method for detecting anaerobic threshold by gas exchange.  J Appl Physiol. 1986;  60 2020-2027
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Borrani F, Candau R, Millet G Y, Perrey S, Fuchslocher J, Rouillon J D. Is the V·O2 slow component dependent on progressive recruitment of fast-twitch fibers in trained runners?.  J Appl Physiol. 2001;  90 2212-2220
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Carter H, Jones A M, Barstow T J, Burnley M, Williams C, Doust A JH. Effect of endurance training on oxygen uptake kinetics during treadmill running.  J Appl Physiol. 2000;  89 1744-1752
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Casaburi R, Storer T W, Ben-dov I, Wasserman K. Effect of endurance training on possible determinants of VO2 during heavy exercise.  J Appl Physiol. 1987;  62 199-207
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Demarle A P, Slawinski J J, Laffite L P, Bocquet V G, Koralsztein J P, Billat V L. Decrease of O(2) deficit is a potential factor in increased time to exhaustion after specific endurance training.  J Appl Physiol. 2001;  90 947-953
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Di Nocera F, Ferlazzo F. Resampling approach to statistical inference: bootstrapping from event-related potentials data.  Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput. 2000;  32 111-119
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Efron B. Bootstrap methods: another look at the jacknife.  Ann Stat. 1979;  7 1-26
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Engelen M, Porszasz J, Riley M, Wasserman K, Maehara K, Barstow T J. Effects of hypoxic hypoxia on O2 uptake and heart rate kinetics during heavy exercise.  J Appl Physiol. 1996;  81 2500-2508
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Gaesser G A, Poole D C. The slow component of oxygen uptake kinetics in humans.  Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 1996;  24 35-70
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Gayeski T EJ, Connett R J, Honig C R. Oxygen transport in rest-work transition illustrates new functions for myoglobin.  Am J Physiol. 1985;  248 914-921
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 He Z-H, Bottinelli R, Pellegrino M A, Ferenczi M A, Reggiani C. ATP consumption and efficiency of human single muscle fibers with different myosin isoform composition.  Biophys J. 2000;  79 945-961
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Hogan M C, Arthur P G, Debout D E, Hochachka P W, Wagner P D. Role of O2 in regulating tissue respiration in dog muscle working in situ.  J Appl Physiol. 1992;  73 728-736
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Hughson R L, Cochrane J E, Butler G C. Faster O2 uptake kinetics at onset of supine exercise with than without lower body negative pressure.  J Appl Physiol. 1993;  75 1962-1967
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Koga S, Shiojiri T, Shibasaki M, Kondo N, Fukuba Y, Barstow T J. Kinetics of oxygen uptake during supine and upright heavy exercise.  J Appl Physiol. 1999;  87 253-260
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Lamarra N, Whipp B J, Ward S A, Wasserman K. Effect of inter-breath fluctuations on characterizing exercise gas exchange kinetics.  J Appl Physiol. 1987;  62 2003-2012
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Linnarsson D, Karlsson J, Fagraeus L, Saltin B. Muscle metabolites and oxygen deficit with exercise in hypoxia and hyperoxia.  J Appl Physiol. 1974;  36 399-402
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Linossier M T, Dormois D, Geyssant A, Denis C. Performance and fibre characteristics of human skeletal muscle during short sprint training and training on a cycle ergometer.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 1997;  75 491-498
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Norris S R, Petersen S R. Effects of endurance training on transient oxygen uptake responses in cyclists.  J Sports Med. 1998;  16 733-738
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Obert P, Cleuziou C, Candau R, Courteix D, Lecoq A M, Guenon P. The slow component of O2 uptake kinetics during high-intensity exercise in trained and untrained prepubertal children.  Int J Sports Med. 1999;  20 1-6
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Obert P, Mandigout S, Vinet A, Courteix D. Effect of 13-week aerobic training programme on the maximal power developed during a force-velocity test in prepubertal boys and girls.  Int J Sports Med. 2001;  22 442-446
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Peltonen J E, Tikkanen H O, Ritola J J, Ahotupa M, Rusko H K. Oxygen uptake kinetics during maximal cycling in hyperoxia, normoxia and hypoxia.  Aviat Space Environ Med. 2001;  72 904-911
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Perrey S, Betik A, Candau R, Rouillon J D, Hughson R L. Comparison of oxygen uptake kinetics during concentric and eccentric exercise.  J Appl Physiol. 2001;  91 2135-2142
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Phillips S M, Green H J, MacDonald M L, Hughson R L. Progressive effect of endurance training on V·O2 kinetics at the onset of submaximal exercise.  J Appl Physiol. 1995;  79 1914-1920
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Porszasz J, Barstow T J, Wasserman K. Evaluation of a symmetrically disposed Pitot tube flowmeter for measuring gas flow during exercise.  J Appl Physiol. 1994;  77 2659-2665
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Powers S K, Dodd S, Beadle R E. Oxygen uptake kinetics in trained athletes differing in V·O2max.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 1985;  54 306-308
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Pringle J S, Doust J H, Carter H, Tolfrey K, Campbell I T, Jones A M. Oxygen uptake kinetics during moderate, heavy, and severe “submaximal” exercise in humans: the influence of muscle fibre type and capillarisation.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003;  89 289-300
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Shoemaker J K, Phillips S M, Green H J, Hughson R L. Faster femoral artery blood velocity kinetics at the onset of exercise following short-term training.  Cardiovasc Res. 1996;  31 278-286
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Springer C, Barstow T J, Wasserman K, Cooper D M. Oxygen uptake and heart rate responses during hypoxic exercise in children and adults.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991;  23 71-79
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Tihanyi J, Apor P, Fekete G Y. Force-velocity-power characteristics and fiber composition in human knee extensor muscles.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 1982;  48 331-343
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Whipp B J, Ward S A, Lamarra N, Davis J A, Wasserman K. Parameters of ventilatory and gas exchange dynamics during exercise.  J Appl Physiol. 1982;  52 1506-1513
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Whipp B J, Mahler M. Dynamics of pulmonary gas exchange during exercise. West JB Pulmonary Gas Exchange. Vol. II. New York; Academic 1980: 33-95
    Google Scholar
  • 34 Womack C J, Davis S E, Blimer J L, Barett E, Weltman A L, Gaesser G A. Slow component of O2 uptake during heavy exercise: adaptation to endurance training.  J Appl Physiol. 1995;  79 838-845
    PubMedGoogle Scholar

PhD S. Perrey

EA 2991 Motor Efficiency and Deficiency Laboratory, UFR STAPS

700 Avenue du Pic Saint Loup

34090 Montpellier I

France

Phone: + 33467415761

Fax: + 33 4 67 41 57 08

Email: stephane.perrey@univ-montpl.fr

      >