Zusammenfassung
In den letzten Jahren wurden in der Katheterbehandlung nicht nur bei der koronaren
Herzkrankheit, sondern auch bei vielen anderen Erkrankungen, die zu einer Herzinsuffizienz
führen, erhebliche Fortschritte erzielt. Die größte Bedeutung hat momentan sicherlich
die Ballondilatation der Koronararterien, es können aber auch stenosierte Herzklappen
aufgedehnt werden. Gute Akut- und Langzeitergebnisse werden mit der Dilatation von
Pulmonalstenosen erreicht - ein risikoarmes Verfahren. Dies gilt auch für die Dilatation
der angeborenen Aortenstenose. Werden verkalkte Aortenstenosen dilatiert, sind Rezidive
relativ häufig, sodass wiederholte Eingriffe erforderlich sind. Hier wird in Zukunft
die kathetergesteuerte Implantation von Herzklappen eine neue Perspektive eröffnen.
Die Akut- und Langzeitergebnisse der Mitralklappendilatation sind mit denen der operativen
Kommissurotomie zu vergleichen. Sind bestimmte morphologische Kriterien der Klappen
gegeben, ist wegen der geringeren Invasivität die Dilatation der Operation vorzuziehen.
Shuntvitien werden heute wenn irgend möglich primär kathetertechnisch behandelt. Bei
der Aortenisthmusstenose kann in den meisten Fällen eine Dilatation und/oder eine
Stentimplantation erfolgen. In naher Zukunft wird auch die kathetertechnische Behandlung
der Mitralinsuffizienz möglich sein.
Summary
Cardiac catheterization is not only a diagnostic but also an interventional therapeutic
tool. Mainly used for treating coronary stenosis, cardiac catheterization can also
be performed for therapeutic dilatation of calcified stenotic heart valves. The short-
as well as the long-term results of dilatation in pulmonary valve stenosis are good,
and can be done with low risk, as in congenital aortic valve stenosis. Recurrence
of stenosis is common in dilatation of calcified aortic valves. Thus, repeated procedures
are necessary. The development of catheter-based implantation of heart valves promises
favorable prospects for the near future. Short- and long-term results of mitral valve
dilatation are similar to surgical commissurotomy. If special morphologic criteria
are present, the interventional therapy is preferred because it is less invasive.
Today, in atrial septum and ventricular septum defects, cardiac catheterization techniques
are first-line therapy. In aortic coarctation, dilatation with or without stent implantation
can be performed in most cases. The near future will bring catheterization techniques
for treatment of mitral regurgitation. In summary, much progress has been made not
only in coronary interventional therapy but also in many other diseases which are
associated with heart failure.
Key Words
dilatation - pulmonary stenosis - aortic stenosis - mitral valve stenosis - shunt
vitium
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Anschrift für die Verfasser
Prof. Dr. H. Sievert
CardioVasculäres Centrum Frankfurt
Sankt Katharinen Krankenhaus
Seckbacher Landstr. 65
60389 Frankfurt