Zusammenfassung
Es hat sich kürzlich gezeigt, dass neben Androgenen und Östrogenen auch das Hormon
Prolaktin an der Entwicklung der androgenetischen Alopezie maßgeblich beteiligt ist.
Wir konnten zeigen, dass Prolaktin Haarzyklus-abhängig in der Maushaut exprimiert
wird und in murinen Maushautorgankulturen in der Lage ist, vorzeitiges Katagen zu
induzieren. Auch in isolierten humanen Anagen- und Katagen-Haarfollikeln wird Prolaktin
und dessen Rezeptor exprimiert, und eine Behandlung mit Prolaktin über 6 Tage resultiert
in ein vorzeitiges Eintreten der Haarfollikel in das Katagenstadium mit gleichzeitigem
Anstieg von apoptotischen und einer verminderten Anzahl proliferierender, follikulärer
Keratinozyten. Prolaktin wird - entgegen bisheriger Publikation - im Haarfollikel
selbst produziert und übt lokal seine Funktionen aus. Verschiedene, einander beeinflussende
Wachstumsfaktoren sind an der Regulation des Haarzyklus beteiligt. Auch TGF-β spielt
sowohl für die Haarfollikelmorphogenese als auch für den Haarzyklus eine maßgebliche
Rolle. So induziert TGF-β2 während der embryonalen Entwicklung Haarfollikelanlagen
und TGF-β2 knock-out-Mäuse zeigen eine verzögerte Haarfollikelmorphogenese mit einer
verminderten Anzahl an Haarfollikeln. TGF-β1 dagegen inhibiert die Haarfollikelmorphogenese.
Während des Haarzyklus haben TGF-β1 und TGF-β2 hemmende Effekte auf das Haarwachstum
und können Katagen in humanen Haarfollikeln induzieren. Zusätzlich hat sich gezeigt,
dass Retinoid induzierter Haarausfall zumindest partiell durch TGF-β2 vermittelt ist,
der durch die Gabe von TGF-β-Antikörpern signifikant vermindert werden kann. Zusammenfassend
motivieren diese Daten, sowohl Prolaktin- als auch TGF-β-Rezeptor Antagonisten als
zukünftige Therapeutika in der Behandlung der androgenetischen Alopezie weiter zu
untersuchen.
Abstract
It has recently been recognized, that next to androgens and estrogens also the pituitary
hormone prolactin is involved in the regulation of androgenetic alopecia. We have
shown that prolactin is expressed hair cycle dependent in murine skin and is capable
of premature catagen induction in murine skin organ cultures. Prolactin and the prolactin
receptor are expressed in isolated human hair follicles and daily treatment with prolactin
for 6 days results in premature catagen induction, inhibition of hair shaft production,
induction of apoptosis and decrease of proliferation in follicular keratinocytes.
Prolactin is - contrary to other publications - produced in the human hair follicle
and exerts its effects locally on the hair cycle. A cascade of distinct growth factors
is necessary for the regulation of the hair cycle. Also TGF-β plays an important role
during hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling. During embryogenesis TGF-β2 induces
hair follicle plugs and TGF-β2 knock-out mice show a delayed hair follicle morphogenesis
along with a reduced number of hair follicles. Unlike TGF-β2- TGF-β1 inhibits hair
follicle morphogenesis. TGF-β1 and 2 inhibit hair growth and are able to induce catagen
in human hair follicles. In addition, retinoid induced hair loss is at least partially
mediated by TGF-β2, and can be significantly reduced by TGF-β antibodies. In summary
these data motivate to further investigate prolactin and TGF-β receptor antagonists
as possible therapeutics in the management of androgenetic alopecia.
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P201
Dr. med. Kerstin Foitzik
Fachärztin für Dermatologie und Venerologie · Hautklinik, Universitätsklinik Eppendorf
Martinistr. 52 · 20246 Hamburg
eMail: k.foitzik@uke.uni-hamburg.de