Zusammenfassung
Fluoreszenzdiagnostik und photodynamische Therapie mit 5-Aminolävulinsäure induziertem
Protoporphyrin IX sind neue diagnostische und therapeutische Anwendungen in einem
weiten Spektrum der Medizin wie der Urologie, Dermatologie, Gastroenterologie, Chirurgie,
Neurochirurgie und Gynäkologie. Das Prinzip der Fluoreszenzdiagnostik basiert auf
der exogenen Applikation der biochemischen-Vorstufe des Hämmoleküls 5-Aminolävulinsäure,
die in bestimmten Zellen und Geweben die endogene Synthese und Akkumulation des Photosensibilisators
Protoporphyrin IX induziert. Unter Anregung mit blauem Licht können so insbesondere
maligne, prämaligne und proliferierende Läsionen über die charakteristische Rotfluoreszenz
des Sensibilisators sichtbar gemacht werden. Die Fluoreszenzdiagnostik dient der Detektion
auch kleinster pathologischer Gewebsveränderungen und kann den diagnostischen Wert
anderer optischer Verfahren steigern. In der Gynäkologie sind in den letzten Jahren
eine große Anzahl an Studien zur Fluoreszenzdiagnostik mit 5-Aminolävulinsäure durchgeführt
worden. In dieser Arbeit soll auf die Grundlagen der Fluoreszenzdiagnostik und den
gegenwärtigen Stellenwert dieser Methode der optischen Diagnostik im Bereich der Gynäkologie
eingegangen und Optionen für das therapeutische Potenzial aufgezeigt werden.
Abstract
Fluorescence diagnosis and photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid induced
protoporpyrin IX are promising new options in the diagnosis and therapy of diseases
in a wide spectrum of medical disciplines such as urology, dermatology, gastroenterology,
surgery, neurosurgery and gynecolgy. The techniques are based on the application of
the heme biomolecule precursor 5-aminolevulinic acid which induces the endogenous
accumulation of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX in designated tissues. After
external excitation with blue light a strong red fluorescence can be initiated particulary
in tumorous tissues. In gynecology many studies have been performed evaluating the
usefulness of fluorescence based detection of cervical dysplasias, breast cancer,
endometrial diseases, ovarian cancer and endometriosis. This work aims on the principles
of fluorescence detection as an important tool in biomedical optical imaging and its
current status in gynecology.
Schlüsselwörter
5-Aminolävulinsäure - Protoporphyrin IX - Fluoreszenzdiagnostik - photodynamische
Therapie - Gynäkologie
Key words
5-aminolevulinic acid - protoporphyrin IX - fluorescence detection - photodynamic
therapy - gynecology
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Dr. med. M. Löning
Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe · Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein
Campus Lübeck
Ratzeburger Allee 160
23562 Lübeck
Phone: 04 51/5 00 21 55
Fax: 04 51/5 00 24 30
Email: loening@gmx.de