Zusammenfassung
Studienziel: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Übersicht über die allgemeinen Wirkungen und
insbesondere über die Wirkungen von Bisphosphonaten auf verschiedene Probleme in der
Endoprothetik gegeben. Methode: Zunächst werden die chemischen Eigenschaften und dann die biologischen Wirkungen
dargestellt. Diese Effekte zeigen bereits bekannte Auswirkungen auf orthopädische
Krankheitsbilder. Es wird zunehmend untersucht, welche Effekte durch Bisphosphonate
in der Endoprothetik erzielt werden. Ergebnisse: Die Stoffgruppe der Bisphosphonate ist von dem in der Industrie verwendeten Pyrophosphat,
welches zur Vermeidung von Verkalkungen eingesetzt wurde, abgeleitet worden. Die Bisphosphonate
hemmen die Mineralisation und die Knochenresorption. Mehrere direkte und indirekte
Mechanismen sind für diese Wirkungen verantwortlich. Der therapeutische Nutzen der
Hemmung der Knochenresorption erstreckt sich auf verschiedene Erkrankungen mit vermehrtem
Knochenabbau. Die Bisphosphonate führen hier zur Erhöhung der Knochendichte und zur
Verbesserung der mechanischen Knochenqualität. Zum Indikationsspektrum zählen die
Osteoporose, tumorbedingte Knochendestruktionen, die fibröse Dysplasie und M. Paget.
In jüngerer Zeit wurde gezeigt, dass Metallimplantate schneller einwachsen und der
im Laufe der Prothesenstandzeiten, durch unterschiedliche Ursachen hervorgerufene
periprothetische Knochenverlust, reduziert werden kann. Schlussfolgerung: Nachdem die Bisphosphonate bereits lange bei Knochenstoffwechselerkrankungen eingesetzt
wurden, könnten sie auch in der Gelenkendoprothetik von zunehmender Bedeutung werden.
Abstract
Aim: This study presents an overview of the general effects of bisphosphonates and in
particular of their effects on different problems in joint arthroplasty. Method: First the chemical properties are described, then the biological effects. It is already
known that bisphosphonates have effects on orthopaedic diseases and an increasing
number of studies are investigating what effects can be achieved in joint arthroplasty
with these substances. Results: The bisphosphonates group was derived from industrial pyrophosphate which is used
to prevent calcification. Bisphosphonates inhibit bone mineralisation and resorption.
Several direct and indirect mechanisms are responsible for these effects. The inhibition
of bone resorption is used to benefit patients suffering from various diseases causing
increased bone resorption. Treatment with bisphosphonates results in greater bone
density and improved mechanical bone quality. Indications for this treatment include
osteoporosis, tumour-associated osseodestructions, fibrous dysplasia and Paget's disease.
Recent studies have shown that osseointegration of metal implants is accelerated and
periprosthetic bone loss, which is caused by various different mechanisms during the
lifetime of an implant, can be reduced. Conclusion: Bisphosphonates have been an established element in the treatment of bone metabolic
disorders for many years. Their use in joint arthroplasty could become increasingly
important.
Schlüsselwörter
Bisphosphonate - Endoprothese - Osteointegration - Osteolyse - kumulative Therapie
Key words
bisphosphonate - arthroplasty - osseointegration - osteolysis - cumulative therapy
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J. Brankamp
Klinik für Orthopädie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Klinikum Essen Süd
Pattbergstr. 1-3
45239 Essen
Telefon: 00 49/(0)2 01/40 89/21 60
Fax: 00 49/2 01/40 89/27 22
eMail: j.brankamp@web.de