Abstract
Introduction: Hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system may occur sporadically, or in association
with von Hippel-Lindau (vHL) disease. The treatment of large solitary hemangioblastomas
of the posterior cranial fossa mandates a combination of angiographic intervention
and surgery. However, large tumors may derive their vascularity from major cerebellar
vessels, which can make their embolization hazardous. Aim: To describe the surgical outcomes of three cases of large hemangioblastomas with
compression of the medulla oblongata, where the potential for preoperative embolization
was extremely limited. Cases: Three patients (all males; 68, 36 and 38 years) presented with a history of chronic
headache and caudal cranial nerve deficiencies. Diagnostic imaging showed large vascular
lesions (4 × 3, 4 × 5 and 5 × 5 cm) at the craniocervical junction, compressing the
brainstem. There were no concomitant findings associated with vHL disease. Treatment: Staged treatment was administered. Preoperative embolization was attempted at first.
One patient (68 yrs) showed a PICA occlusion and associated cerebellar infarction
after embolization; embolization was deemed hazardous in the other two. In the second
phase, the lesions were removed via a midline suboccipital approach with resection
of the arch of altas. Complete removal was possible in all three cases. Postoperative Course and Follow-Up: The caudal cranial nerve deficiencies deteriorated soon after surgery in all three
patients. A tracheotomy was required in two patients, which was removed uneventfully
during the rehabilitation phase. Ventriculo-peritoneal shunts were implanted in two
patients. MRI follow-up three (1 case) and four years (2 cases) after surgery showed
no relapse. The Karnofsky Index scores were 80, 70 and 90 in the three patients aged
68, 36 and 38, respectively. Conclusion: Total microneurosurgical removal of large hemangioblastomas at the craniocervical
junction with limited preoperative embolization (associated with morbidity) should
be seriously considered. Although the early outcome is not encouraging, the long-term
outcomes seem favorable.
Zusammenfassung
Hämangioblastome des ZNS können sporadisch oder im Rahmen des Morbus von Hippel-Lindau
vorkommen. Die Behandlung solitärer Hämangioblastome der hinteren Schädelgrube fordert
eine interdisziplinäre Behandlung (Embolisation und operative Entfernung). Jedoch
werden große Tumoren von bedeutsamen zerebellären Gefäßen versorgt, was die Embolisation
häufig erschwert. In diesem Bericht möchten wir die Ergebnisse der chirurgischen Behandlung
von drei großen solitären Hämangioblastomen mit Kompression der Medulla oblongata
vorstellen, wobei die präoperative Embolisation häufig nicht möglich war. Eine vollständige
Entfernung der Hämangioblastome durch den subokzipitalen Mittellinienzugangsweg wurde
in allen Fällen durchgeführt. Alle Patienten wiesen postoperativ eine Funktionsschwäche
der kaudalen Hirnnerven auf, welche sich im Verlauf der Zeit spontan verbesserte (eine
temporäre Tracheotomie war in 2 Fällen notwendig). Die Tracheostomen konnten in beiden
Fällen während der Rehabilitation ersatzlos entfernt werden. Eine VP-Shunt-Implantation
war in zwei Fällen erforderlich. MRT-Kontrollaufnahmen 3 (1 Fall) und 4 Jahre (2 Fälle)
nach der Operation zeigten keine Rezidivtumoren. Die postoperative Lebensqualität
der Patienten (68, 36 und 38 Jahre) nach der Karnofsky-Skala betrug 80, 70 bzw. 90.
Schlussfolgerung: Eine vollständige mikroneurochirurgische Exstirpation von großen Hämangioblastomen
des kraniozervikalen Überganges bei eingeschränkter Durchführbarkeit einer präoperativen
angiographischen Intervention sollte möglichst operativ angestrebt werden. Obwohl
die früh postoperativen Ergebnisse mit Komplikationen verbunden sind, überwiegen die
positiven Langzeitergebnisse.
Key words
hemangioblastoma - embolization - microneurosurgery
Schlüsselwörter
Hämangioblastome - Embolisation - Mikroneurochirurgie
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Kartik G. KrishnanMD
Department of Neurological Surgery · Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital
Fetscherstrasse 74
01307 Dresden
Germany
Phone: +49/3 51/4 58 49 09
Fax: +49/3 51/4 58 43 04
Email: Kartik.Krishnan@uniklinikum-dresden.de