Zusammenfassung
Das Spezifische kreativer Therapien liegt in der Aktivierung schöpferischer Potenziale
des Patienten im Sinne der Krankheitsbewältigung, Neuorientierung und Förderung der
Lebensqualität. Kreative Therapieansätze zur Behandlung der Demenzpatienten bieten
den Vorteil, dass sie auf einer nonverbalen Ebene mit dem Patienten arbeiten können,
dessen Kognition und häufig sprachliche Mitteilung beeinträchtigt ist. Der vorliegende
Artikel gibt eine systematische Übersicht über Studien, die von der Anwendung der
kreativen Therapien „Musik-, Kunst-, Drama- und Tanztherapie” in folgenden Datenbanken
zu finden waren (Mai 2005): Medline, Psyndex Plus, PsychInfo und Cochrane. Als Suchbegriffe
wurden eingegeben: „Creativ* and therapy and dementia and (stud*)”, „Dance therapy
and dementia”, „Music therapy and dementia”, „Drama therapy and dementia” und „Art
therapy and dementia”. Insgesamt wurden nach diesen Suchkriterien beginnend ab 1998
sieben quantitativ ausgewertete kontrollierte Studien, 3 prä-post-Vergleiche und drei
qualitative Analysen beschrieben, die in Gruppen von mindestens 3 Teilnehmern durchgeführt
wurden. Überblicksartikel werden im Text erwähnt. Die Übersicht der vorhandenen Studien
zu kreativen Therapien bei Demenzen zeigt, dass die vorhandenen Daten den Einsatz
kreativer Therapien zur Förderung der Interaktionsfähigkeit und der Lebendigkeit im
Ausdruck unterstützen. Das Spannungsfeld zwischen Methodik der Erfassung der Therapieeffekte
und der Therapieinhalte, die ihre Spezifität in der therapeutischen Anleitung zu aktiven
und kreativen Prozessen der Patienten haben, führt zur Forderung nach Weiterentwicklung
und Validierung von Instrumenten, mit denen Parameter wie z. B. Lebendigkeit und Interaktionsfähigkeit
quantitativ abgebildet werden können.
Abstract
The specifics of creative therapies aim at activating the creative potential of the
patients in the sense of acceptance, orientation and coping with their illness “dementia”
and at improving their quality of life. Creative therapies in the treatment of dementia
offer the advantage of working with these patients, whose cognition and often also
verbal communication skills are affected in a nonverbal way. This article presents
a systematic review of studies and case studies, which could be found on the subject
of the implementation of active creative therapies “music-, art-, drama- and dance-therapy”
within the following databases (05/05): Medline, Psyndex Plus, PsychInfo and Cochrane.
The search terms used were: “Creativ* and therapy and dementia and (stud*)”, “Dance
therapy and dementia”, “Music therapy and dementia”, “Drama therapy and dementia”
and “Art therapy and dementia”. As a result of this search we found seven quantitative
evaluated controlled studies, three prae-post comparisions and three qualitative evaluated
studies which have been finished since 1998. All of these studies included groups
of at least three participants. Further reviews are mentioned in this article. This
survey of studies on creative therapies for patients with dementia shows positive
effects like the improvement of interaction skills. The data supplied thus supports
the approach of using creative therapies in order to help patients accept dementia
as their illness and finally to cope with it. The methodical approach to the registration
of the therapies’ effects and process-orientated contents of the therapy create a
field of tension, leading to the request for a further development and validation
of instruments, which allow the quantitative evaluation of parameters like liveliness,
agility and interaction skills.
Schlüsselwörter
Demenzen - Kreative Therapien - Studienübersicht
Key words
dementia - creative therapies - review
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Dr. Beate Schmitt
Schwindstr. 23
60325 Frankfurt/M
Email: beateschmitt@web.de