Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung: Lässt sich die Validität eines PSA-basierten Tests verbessern, indem die gemessene
Serumkonzentration um den Verdünnungseffekt des individuellen Blutplasmavolumens Vp
(oder anderer Körperflüssigkeitsvolumina) korrigiert wird? Materialien und Methoden: Retrospektive Datenanalyse an Patienten mit Prostataadenomektomie (n = 32) oder radikaler
Prostatektomie (n = 60) (pT1 - 4 N0 M0). Berechnung von PSA-Density (PSAD) und zwei
neuen PSA-basierten Parametern, die das individuelle Vp (nach der von Sprenger modifizierte
Retzlaff-Formel) als Korrekturfaktor des t-PSA berücksichtigten (mPSAVp , mPSADVp ). Analyse der Testvaliditäten von t-PSA, mPSAVp , PSAD und mPSADVp (ROC-Kurvenanalyse, Sensitivität, Spezifität, positiver (PPV) und negativer (NPV)
Vorhersagewert). Ergebnisse: Tumorstadium und PSA-Werte waren positiv korreliert. Bezogen auf den gesamten t-PSA
Bereich (n = 92; 0,1 - 88,4 µg/l) war die Trennschärfe von PSAD (AUC = 0,803) und
mPSADVp (AUC = 0,806) signifikant besser (p ≤ 0,003), als von t-PSA und mPSAVp (AUC = 0,531), um zwischen P-CA und BPH zu unterscheiden. Im Graubereich (4,0 - 10,0
µg/l) diskriminierten t-PSA (AUC = 0,663), mPSAVp (AUC = 0,694) und PSAD (AUC = 0,931) als Test grundsätzlich besser; mPSADVp ergab die höchste AUC (0,947). Die Korrektur um Vp ergab damit insgesamt tendenziell
bessere AUC-Werte, ohne dass (bisher) Signifikanzniveau erreicht wurde. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Berücksichtigung von Volumina ist der plausibelste Weg, um die Testvalidität
von t-PSA zu steigern. Eine präoperativ verbesserte Bestimmung des Prostatavolumens
und seiner benignen und malignen Partialvolumina, sowie eine exakte Berechnung der
individuellen Verteilungsvolumina für das t-PSA Molekül im Organismus könnten helfen,
die Trennschärfe des t-PSA zu optimieren und kurable Karzinome frühzeitig(er) zu entdecken.
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study is to improve the validity of PSA-based tests by considerations
of the dilutions caused by the individual plasmatic blood volume (or other relevant
body fluids). Materials and Methods: Retrospective analyses of patients who underwent adenomectomy (n = 32) or radical
prostatectomy (pT1 - 4 N0 M0; n = 60) were carried out. We calculated the PSA density
(PSAD) and two new PSA-based parameters (mPSAVp , mPSADVp ) that converted t-PSA concentration and PSAD with regard to individual Vp (according
to Sprenger's modified Retzlaff formula). Comparative statistics of receiver operating
characteristics (ROC-) curves, AUC, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative
predictive values for t-PSA, mPSAVp , PSAD and mPSADVp were performed. Results: PSA was positively correlated with local tumour stage. With regard to the whole range
of t-PSA (n = 92; 0.1 - 88.4 µg/L) the diagnostic selection between prostate carcinoma
(CaP) and benign disease (BPH) was significantly improved by PSAD (AUC = 0.803) and
mPSADVp (AUC = 0.806) (p ≤ 0.003) compared to t-PSA und mPSAVp (AUC = 0.531). Within the range of 4.0 - 10.0 µg/L PSA, the areas under the ROC curves
were much better for t-PSA (AUC = 0.663), mPSAVp (0.694) and PSAD (0.931) in gereral; mPSADVp provided the best AUC (0.947). However, although considering Vp does demonstrate
better AUCs, this tendency does not reach the level of significance (yet). Conclusions: The most conclusive way to improve PSA test validity is to adjust PSA to different
“volumes”. Therefore, elaborated devices for a better preoperative investigation of
the whole volume of the prostate gland and its distinct partial volumes (such as carcinoma
or benign tissues), as well as applied knowledge on the distribution and kinetics
of PSA in body fluids, might substantially help to optimise the detection of curable
patients with unknown carcinoma of the prostate.
Schlüsselwörter
Prostatakarzinom - PSA - ROC-Kurven - Sensitivität - Spezifität - Testvalidität
Key words
carcinoma of the prostate - ROC curves - PSA - sensitivity - specificity - test validity
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. Detlef Rohde
Klinikum Darmstadt Urologische Klinik
Grafenstr. 9
64278 Darmstadt
Phone: 06151-107-6985
Email: detlef.rohde@klinikum-darmstadt.de