Nuklearmedizinische Verfahren haben sich international einen festen Platz im diagnostischen
Spektrum der koronaren Herzkrankheit erarbeitet. Mit einer diagnostischen Genauigkeit
von etwa 90 % erfüllt die Szintigrafie die Erwartungen an eine klinisch valide diagnostische
Methode. Kein anderes nichtinvasives Verfahren verfügt zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt über
eine derart abgesicherte Datenlage. Dementsprechend gehören nuklearmedizinische Perfusionsuntersuchungen
zu den Klasse-I-Indikationen bei der Diagnostik der koronaren Herzkrankheit. Eine
ihrer Domänen ist die Beurteilung der Prognose von Patienten mit vermuteter oder bereits
angiografisch nachgewiesener koronarer Herzkrankheit. Ist die Perfusionsuntersuchung
unauffällig, beträgt deren Ein-Jahresrisiko für Tod oder Myokardinfarkt weniger als
1 %. Neben der Perfusion lassen sich durch neuere Technologien wie „EKG-Triggerung”
und „Gating” auch die regionale und globale Pumpfunktion erfassen. Werden bei der
SPECT („single photon emission computer tomography”) entsprechende Tracer und/oder
die Positronenemissionstomografie eingesetzt, sind valide Aussagen zur Myokardvitalität
mit hohem prognostischen Wert möglich. Somit erfüllt auch die nuklearkardiologische
Diagnostik heute die Forderung nach dem diagnostischen „one stop shop”.
Nuclear imaging of myocardial perfusion, function, and metabolism has evolved during
the last decade to a well established tool in the diagnostic work-up of patients with
coronary artery disease (CAD). Myocardial perfusion imaging has become a powerful
and very well validated method with regard to detection of coronary artery disease,
assessment of cardiac prognosis in patients with known CAD, as well as risk stratification
and therapeutic decision making. No other non-invasive method has proven its clinical
usefulness in thousands of patients with long-term follow-up so far. Additional informations
are coming from the assessment of regional and global ventricular function derived
from ECG-triggered gated SPECT imaging („single photon emission computed tomography”).
This technical improvement has significantly increased the diagnostic accuracy which
is now approximately 90 % for the detection of angiographically significant coronary
artery disease. Myocardial viability assessment in patients with depressed left ventricular
function allows risk stratification in this high-risk patient population, which increases
due to the improvements of medical and interventional cardiology in the treatment
of acute coronary syndromes with better survival of the acute events. Thus, nuclear
imaging allows a „one stop shop” in various settings of coronary artery disease.
Key Words
coronary artery disease - radio nuclides - scintigraphy - myocardial perfusion imaging
- myocardial viability - prognosis
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Anschrift des Verfassers
Prof. Dr. Jürgen vom Dahl
Chefarzt der Klinik für Kardiologie
Kliniken Maria Hilf GmbH
Viersener Str. 450
41063 Mönchengladbach