Zusammenfassung
Männliche Körperideale haben sich in der Vergangenheit erheblich verändert. Den idealen
männlichen Körper kennzeichnen heute wenig Fett und viel Muskelmasse. Ähnlich wie
bei Frauen sollten sich diese normativen gesellschaftlichen Vorstellungen auch in
der spezifischen Pathologie von Männern mit Essstörungen wiederfinden. In der vorliegenden
Untersuchung wurden Männer mit und ohne Essstörungen hinsichtlich ihrer Körperzufriedenheit
und ihrer Körperwahrnehmung mit nicht essgestörten Männern verglichen. Dabei kamen
Fragebogenverfahren sowie ein Computerprogramm zur Modulation von Körperbildern zum
Einsatz. Männer mit Bulimia nervosa wünschen sich einen schlankeren Körper, während
Männer mit einer Anorexia nervosa sich trotz erheblichen Untergewichtes keinen wesentlich
umfangreicheren Körper wünschen. Männer aller Gruppen wünschen sich mehr Muskulatur,
Männer mit und ohne Essstörung unterscheiden sich in dieser Hinsicht nicht. Das Ausmaß
des Wunsches nach weniger Körperfett und mehr Muskulatur geht mit dem Grad der Körperzufriedenheit
einher. Ähnlich wie in der Behandlung der Essstörung bei Frauen sollte auch bei Männern
dem Körperbild ein wichtiger Stellenwert eingeräumt werden. Anders als bei Frauen
sollte die Muskulatur bei Männern zusätzlich Beachtung finden.
Abstract
Ideals of male attractiveness have changed considerably. The ideal male body at present
is characterized by low body fat and pronounced muscles. Similar to what has been
found for women, these normative societal conceptions should influence the pathology
of men with eating disorders. In the present study, men with and without eating disorders
are compared regarding body satisfaction and body perception. Both questionnaire data
and a computer assisted approach are applied. Men with bulimia nervosa wish to have
a body with less fat whereas men with anorexia do not wish for a bigger body although
they are seriously underweight. Men in all groups wish to have more muscles. Men with
and without an eating disorder do not differ in this respect. The wish for less body
fat and more muscles is associated with body dissatisfaction in men. Treatment of
men with eating disorders should focus on men's body images similar to how it is conceptualized
in treatments for women with eating disorders. Different from women, a body image
focused approach for men should emphasize the meaning of muscularity.
Key words
body perception image - anorexia nervosa - bulimia nervosa - men
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Dr. phil. Dieter Benninghoven, Dipl.-Psych.
Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Klinik für Psychosomatische
Medizin und Psychotherapie
Ratzeburger Allee 160
23538 Lübeck
Email: benningh@medinf.mu-luebeck.de
