Zusammenfassung
Die systemische Therapie des Nierenzellkarzinoms stellt eine Herausforderung in der
Uroonkologie dar. Obwohl für die zytokinbasierte Immuntherapie kein international
einheitliches Behandlungsschema existiert, gilt sie bislang als Standard in der Therapie
des metastasierten Nierenzellkarzinoms. Ein zunehmendes Verständnis relevanter tumorbiologischer
Mechanismen des Nierenzellkarzinoms hat zur Entwicklung zielgerichteter molekularer
Therapieansätze geführt. Durch neue Tyrosinkinaseinhibitoren und Angiogenesehemmer
konnte inzwischen eine Verlängerung des progressionsfreien und des Gesamtüberlebens
bei Patienten mit fortgeschrittenem Nierenzellkarzinom gezeigt und somit ein entscheidender
Fortschritt erzielt werden. Während eine Reihe wichtiger Aspekte zur Therapie sowie
möglicher Kombinationen dieser Substanzen untereinander und mit Zytokinen noch unklar
sind, ist damit zu rechnen, dass die zytokinbasierte Immuntherapie als Erstlinientherapie
in Zukunft an Bedeutung verlieren wird. Die Erweiterung des therapeutischen Spektrums
für das fortgeschrittene Nierenzellkarzinom um potenzielle neue Standards bei uneinheitlicher
Definition der alten Standards erfordert eine aktuelle Bestandsaufnahme des Stellenwertes
der systemischen Therapie dieser Tumorentität. Eine bessere Kenntnis molekularer Marker
und ihrer prognostischen Bedeutung könnte in Zukunft den gezielten Einsatz der verschiedenen
molekularen Therapieansätze beim individuellen Patienten ermöglichen. Bis solche Marker
verfügbar sind und mehr Erkenntnisse zur molekularen Therapie beim Nierenzellkarzinom
vorliegen, sollte eine sorgfältige Indikationsstellung der verschiedenen Therapieoptionen
für den individuellen Patienten erfolgen.
Abstract
The systemic treatment of renal cell cancer represents a challenge for uro-oncologists.
Although no internationally recognised treatment regime has been defined, cytokine
therapy has been the standard of care for metastatic disease. The growing understanding
of the relevant mechanisms in the molecular biology of renal cell carcinoma has led
to the development of targeted therapies. Novel tyrosine kinase and angiogenesis inhibitors
have had a beneficial effect on progression-free and overall survival in patients
with advanced renal cell cancer and represented a significant progress. Even though
several important aspects regarding treatments and combinations of these drugs with
each other as well as with cytokines still remain unclear, cytokine therapy will probably
become less important as a first-line treatment. With increasing therapeutic options
becoming available as potential new standards and with the old standards being poorly
defined, a critical analysis of the role of different systemic therapies for renal
cell carcinoma is warranted. A better knowledge of molecular markers and their prognostic
relevance could allow the rational use of different targeted therapies in individual
patients in the future. Until such therapies become available, the systemic treatment
options should be selected carefully in individual patients.
Schlüsselwörter
Nierenzellkarzinom - Zytokintherapie - Interferon - Interleukin - molekulare Therapie
Key words
renal cell cancer - cytokine therapy - interferon - interleukin - targeted therapy
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Dr. Manfred Johannsen
Klinik für Urologie, Charité-Campus Mitte
Charitéplatz 1
10117 Berlin
Phone: 0049-30-450-615163
Fax: 0049-30-450-515915
Email: manfred.johannsen@charite.de