Zusammenfassung
Neben Kombinationstherapien mit den derzeit verfügbaren medikamentösen Behandlungsoptionen
der pulmonalarteriellen Hypertonie (Endothelin-Rezeptor-Antagonisten, Phosphodiesterase-5-Inhibitoren,
Prostanoide) befinden sich derzeit zahlreiche neue Medikamente aus verschiedenen Substanzgruppen
in präklinischer und klinischer Erprobung. Die meisten neuen Behandlungsansätze orientieren
sich an bereits identifizierten Pathomechanismen, die an der Entstehung und Progression
der zugrunde liegenden Vaskulopathie beteiligt sind. Dabei zeichnet sich ein gewisser
Paradigmenwechsel ab, da neben der Vasodilatation und der anti-aggregatorischen Therapie
zunehmend ein antiproliferativer Ansatz in den Fokus des Interesses rückt, der eine
Verhinderung bzw. Rückbildung des so genannten „Gefäß-Remodelings” zum Ziel hat. In
diesem Zusammenhang sind Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitoren, die die Wirkung peptidischer Wachstumsfaktoren
wie Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) inhibieren, von großem Interesse. Imatinib,
ein Vertreter dieser Wirkstoffklasse, hat in experimentellen Untersuchungen und in
einzelnen Fallstudien vielversprechende Ergebnisse gezeigt. Einen weiteren vielversprechenden
Ansatz zur Behandlung der pulmonalarteriellen Hypertonie stellen Aktivatoren und Stimulatoren
der löslichen Guanylatzyklase dar, die sich ebenfalls in klinischer Erprobung befinden.
Summary
In addition to combination treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PHT) with
currently available drug options (endothelin-receptor inhibitors, phosphodiesterase-5
inhibitors, prostanoids). numerous new drugs of other substance groups are being tested
in preclinical and clinical studies. Most of the newly tried drugs use previously
identified mechanisms of action that are involved in the development and progression
of the underlying vascular disease. This has led to a certain paradigm shift which,
in addition to vasodilatation and anti-platelet aggregation treatment, increasingly
focuses on antiproliferative effects with the aim of preventing or regressimg vascular
remodelling. Of particular interest in this connection are tyrosine kinase inhibitors,
which inhibit the action of such peptide growth factors as platelet-derived growth
factor. Imatinib, one of this class of action, has given promising results in experimental
studies and several case reports. Another greatly promising approach in the treatment
of PHT are activators and simulators of soluble guanylyl cyclase, which are also currently
being investigated in clinical trials.
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Prof. Dr. med. H. Ardeschir Ghofrani
Medizinische Klinik II/V, Abteilung Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Giessen und
Marburg
Klinikstraße 36
35392 Giessen
Email: ardeschir.ghofrani@uglc.de