Validität und Reliabilität von Pad-Tests

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Harninkontinenz ist ein sozial und hygienisch besorgniserregendes Problem für betroffene Menschen und verursacht enorme Kosten im Gesundheitswesen. Eine objektive Messung der Inkontinenzstärke kann nicht nur beim Patientenmanagement hilfreich sein, sondern auch zur Evaluation von Behandlungsmethoden und ihren Ergebnissen genutzt werden.

Ziel: Der Artikel gibt einen Literaturüberblick zur Validität und Reliabilität von Pad-Tests als Assessment zur Objektivierung und Quantifizierung von Harninkontinenz, besonders für Physiotherapeuten. Zusätzlich werden Vor- und Nachteile der verschiedenen Tests herausgestellt.

Methoden: Die Literatursuche erfolgte nach Studien und Reviews zur Validität und Reliabilität verschiedener Pad-Tests in der Datenbank Medline und in den Literaturlisten relevanter Artikel. Die eingeschlossenen Studien wurden methodologisch und klinisch bewertet und die Ergebnisse mit den vorhandenen Reviews verglichen.

Ergebnisse: 29 Studien erfüllten die Einschlusskriterien, von denen 4 aufgrund methodologischer Mängel ausgeschlossen wurden. Anhand der ausgewählten Studien war es nicht möglich, die Validität von Pad-Tests eindeutig zu belegen. Die Reliabilität wurde als gut bewertet.

Schlussfolgerungen: Pad-Tests können in der Physiotherapie zur Evaluation des Therapieverlaufs einzelner Patienten genutzt werden. Weitere Forschung zur Entwicklung eines Kurzzeittests für Frauen und Männer ist notwendig.

Abstract

Background: Urinary incontinence is a socially and hygienic distressing problem for affected people and can cause enormous expenses in the health system. An objective assessment of the incontinence extent can be of great help not only in the management of patients but also for evaluating various treatments and comparing their outcomes.

Objective: A literature review was performed to examine the validity and reliability of Pad-tests as an assessment for objectifying and quantifying urinary incontinence, particularly for physiotherapists. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of various tests were evaluated.

Methods: A literature search in Medline was conducted for trials and reviews concerning validity and reliability of different Pad-tests. The bibliographies of relevant articles supplied additional references. The methodological quality and the clinical benefits of the included trials were assessed and the results compared with the available reviews.

Results: 29 papers met the inclusion criteria, of which four were excluded. It was not possible to determine the validity of Pad-tests. The reliability was assessed as being good.

Conclusions: Pad-tests can serve for the evaluation of the therapy course of individual patients in physiotherapy. Further research on the development of a short-time test for women and men is necessary.

Harninkontinenz - Pad-Test - Validität - Reliabilität

urinary incontinence - Pad-test - validity - reliability

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